Radial Head & Neck Fractures (Adults & Paediatrics)
Radial head and neck fractures are common elbow injuries caused most often by a fall on an outstretched hand that transmits axial force through the forearm to the elbow....
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Tendon-to-bone fixation is the process of securely attaching a tendon or ligament graft to bone using devices such as bone tunnels, suture anchors, interference screws, cortical buttons, and suspensory fixation systems until biological heal...
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Radial head and neck fractures are common elbow injuries caused most often by a fall on an outstretched hand that transmits axial force through the forearm to the elbow....
Type I: nondisplaced (A noncomminuted / B comminuted). Type II: displaced but stable (A/B). Type III: displaced and unstable (A/B). Type I conservative; II–III usually re...
I: tip avulsion; II: 50% height. II–III indicate elbow instability, commonly part of terrible triad → fixation required.
I: anterior radial head dislocation (ulna angulated anterior). II: posterior; III: lateral; IV: both bones fractured with radial head dislocation. ORIF ulna restores radi...
Distal radial shaft fracture with distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) disruption. Unstable pattern: ORIF radius and stabilize DRUJ.
Localized malignant proliferation of plasma cells in bone or soft tissue without systemic myeloma. Common in vertebrae, pelvis, ribs, femur. Symptoms: pain, swelling, pat...
Allman: Type I midshaft; Type II distal; Type III medial third. Neer distal clavicle: Type I stable; IIA/IIB unstable (CC ligaments disrupted); Type III intra-articular;...
I: sprain; II: AC torn, CC intact; III: AC+CC torn with superior displacement. IV: posterior displacement; V: marked superior displacement; VI: inferior displacement (rar...
Types I–V: rim (anterior/posterior), transverse, and complex intra-articular patterns. Large articular fragments or instability need ORIF; small rim fractures stable may...
Common in young females; often after acute lateral dislocation. Risk factors: trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, increased TT-TG distance, ligamentous laxity. Clinical: r...
Idiopathic or secondary; painful stiffness with capsular pattern (ER most limited). Stages: painful freezing → frozen → thawing; natural history 1–3 years...
Define CRPS — Budapest Criteria with common etiologies and pathoanatomy. List key classifications or staging systems used in exams. Clinical features and focused examinat...