Explore high-yield orthopaedic topics with structured summaries, linked cases, and integrated learning pathways.
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Comprehensive guide to Kirschner wire (K-wire) principles in orthopaedic surgery covering wire properties and sizes, biomechanical principles of fixation, insertion techniques, clinical applications by region, tension band wiring principle,...
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Most common compressive neuropathy; due to compression of median nerve at carpal tunnel. Symptoms: nocturnal paresthesias, hand clumsiness, thenar atrophy. Tests: Phalen’...
Define Boutonnière & Swan Neck with common etiologies and pathoanatomy. List key classifications or staging systems used in exams. Clinical features and focused examinati...
High medial longitudinal arch with hindfoot varus and forefoot equinus/abduction. Etiology: neuromuscular disorders (CMT disease most common), trauma, idiopathic. Clinica...
Achilles tendon is most frequently injured tendon; common in athletes and middle-aged weekend warriors. Tendinopathy: degenerative process due to overuse, poor vascularit...
Degenerative fasciosis (not true 'itis') of the plantar fascia origin at the medial calcaneal tubercle due to repetitive micro‑trauma. Classic history: sharp 'first‑step'...
Degenerative osteoarthritis of the 1st MTP joint causing dorsal osteophytes, stiffness, and pain—especially with push‑off. Coughlin–Shurnas clinical–radiographic grading...
Limb salvage is preferred over amputation when margins can be obtained and function preserved. Endoprostheses replace resected bone segment, especially around knee and pr...
Bone allografts used for structural reconstruction after tumor resection. Sources: cadaveric donors; stored in bone banks (fresh-frozen, freeze-dried). Indications: inter...
Most common cause of adult acquired flatfoot; due to PTT degeneration/rupture. Stages I–IV (Johnson & Strom classification). Clinical: medial ankle pain, progressive coll...
High-grade soft tissue sarcoma, often near large joints of extremities (knee, ankle). Affects adolescents and young adults (15–40 years). Histology: biphasic (epithelial...
Benign proliferative synovial lesion; localized or diffuse type. Common in knee (80%) and hip; presents with pain, swelling, recurrent effusion. MRI: low-signal intensity...
Lodwick classification describes patterns of bone destruction on radiographs. Type I: geographic (IA sclerotic rim, IB sharp margin, IC ill-defined). Type II: moth-eaten...
