Orthopaedic Wiki

Arthroplasty 1 month ago

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) — Approaches & Complications

Surgical approaches: posterior, anterolateral, direct anterior, transtrochanteric. Posterior: excellent exposure, preserves abductors, higher dislocation risk. Anterolate...

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Arthroplasty 1 month ago

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) — Implant Designs

Implants classified by degree of constraint: CR (least) → PS → CCK → Hinged (most). CR retains PCL; PS substitutes with cam-post. Constrained implants indicated for insta...

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Arthroplasty 1 month ago

Shoulder Arthroplasty — Indications

Hemiarthroplasty: isolated humeral head disease (e.g., AVN, head-splitting fracture). Anatomic TSA: primary OA, RA, post-traumatic arthritis with intact rotator cuff. Rev...

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Arthroplasty 1 month ago

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty

Indicated for cuff tear arthropathy, pseudoparalysis, massive irreparable cuff tears. Developed by Grammont: medialized & lowered center of rotation. Deltoid substitutes...

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Tumor 1 month ago

Giant Cell Tumor — Campanacci Classification

Locally aggressive benign tumor in skeletally mature adults (20–40 yrs). Campanacci classification: Grade I (latent), II (active), III (aggressive with soft tissue extens...

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Tumor 1 month ago

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Expansile blood-filled benign tumor in children/young adults. Common sites: metaphysis of long bones, spine posterior elements. X-ray: blow-out lesion with thin shell, se...

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Tumor 1 month ago

Fibrous Dysplasia — Shepherd’s Crook

Developmental fibro‑osseous lesion replacing normal bone with fibrous tissue. Types: monostotic (70%), polyostotic; associated with McCune–Albright (café‑au‑lait, endocri...

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Tumor 1 month ago

Bone Tumor Biopsy Principles

Biopsy should be performed only by definitive surgical team at referral center. Types: core needle (preferred), incisional, excisional. Incision along surgical approach,...

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Trauma 1 month ago

Cervical Spine Trauma — Subaxial

Follow ATLS with careful immobilization; CT is first‑line imaging for suspected injury. AO Subaxial classification guides stability and surgical approach; assess disco‑li...

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Pediatrics 1 month ago

Clubfoot — Ponseti Technique

Correct deformities in **CAVE** order: **C**avus → **A**dductus → **V**arus → **E**quinus. Use **Ponseti casting** with abduction and supination around talar head; avoid...

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Pediatrics 1 month ago

Achondroplasia — Orthopaedic Issues

Autosomal dominant **FGFR3** mutation → rhizomelic limb shortening with normal trunk, macrocephaly. Neonates risk **foramen magnum stenosis** and central apnea; screen in...

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Pediatrics 1 month ago

Rickets — Orthopaedic Sequelae

Failure of mineralization at the growth plate → metaphyseal cupping, fraying, and splaying with genu varum/valgum. Differentiate **nutritional vitamin D deficiency** from...

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