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Tendon-to-bone fixation is the process of securely attaching a tendon or ligament graft to bone using devices such as bone tunnels, suture anchors, interference screws, cortical buttons, and suspensory fixation systems until biological heal...
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TUBS (Traumatic, Unidirectional, Bankart, Surgery) vs AMBRI (Atraumatic, Multidirectional, Bilateral, Rehab, Inferior capsular shift). Glenoid bone loss >20–25% → Latarje...
Indications: displaced transverse fractures with intact extensor. Principle: converts tensile quadriceps force into compression at fracture site. Technique: 2 parallel K-...
Definition: fracture adjacent to fixation device or prosthesis. Differentiate peri-implant vs periprosthetic. Causes: stress risers, osteopenia, trauma. Management: depen...
Ilizarov fixator allows bone transport for segmental loss. Principle: distraction osteogenesis by gradual tension on callus. Indications: infected nonunion, bone loss, de...
Malunion = fracture healed in unacceptable alignment causing functional, cosmetic, or biomechanical issues. Decision to correct depends on symptoms, joint at risk, magnit...
Classification based on position of foot + force direction. Common: Supination-External Rotation (SER), Supination-Adduction (SA), Pronation-Abduction (PA), Pronation-Ext...
Hawkins classification I–IV based on displacement/dislocation. AVN risk increases with stage: I 90%. Urgent reduction and fixation critical to preserve talar blood supply...
Lisfranc joint = tarsometatarsal articulation; key stabilizer = Lisfranc ligament (medial cuneiform to 2nd MT base). Mechanism: axial load with plantar flexion/twist. Dia...
AO 33 classification. Locking plate vs retrograde nail. Principles: joint first, then shaft. Complications: nonunion, malalignment, stiffness.
I lateral split, II split+depression, III depression, IV medial, V bicondylar, VI dissociation. Surgical principle: elevate, graft, raft screws, plate. Complications: com...
Tibia shaft → highest risk of compartment. Signs: pain out of proportion, stretch pain. ΔP
Elementary: PW, PC, AW, AC, Transverse. Associated: PC+PW, Trans+PW, T-type, AC+PHT, Both-column. Views: Judet + CT 3D. Approaches: KL (post), Ilioinguinal/Stoppa (ant)....
