Orthopaedic Wiki

Trauma 1 month ago

Salter–Harris Classification — Physeal (Growth Plate) Injuries

Type I: Through physis only (slip) — good prognosis; often in younger children. Type II: Through physis and metaphysis (Thurston–Holland fragment) — most common; good pro...

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Trauma 1 month ago

TLICS — Thoracolumbar Injury Classification & Severity Score

Morphology (compression 1, burst 2, translation/rotation 3, distraction 4), Posterior ligamentous complex integrity (intact 0, indeterminate 2, disrupted 3), Neurologic s...

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Trauma 1 month ago

Gustilo–Anderson — Open Fractures

I: 10 cm/high-energy or extensive damage. IIIa: adequate coverage; IIIb: periosteal stripping, needs flap; IIIc: arterial injury requiring repair. Higher grade → higher i...

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Trauma 1 month ago

Denis Three-Column — Thoracolumbar Injuries

Compression: anterior column only — usually stable. Burst: anterior + middle columns — unstable, canal compromise risk. Flexion-distraction (Chance): posterior tension fa...

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Trauma 1 month ago

AO Spine Thoracolumbar Classification

Type A (compression): A1 wedge, A2 split, A3 incomplete burst, A4 complete burst. Type B (tension band): B1 posterior through bone/ligament, B2 posterior + anterior, B3 a...

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Trauma 1 month ago

Anderson–D’Alonzo — Odontoid (Dens) Fractures

Type I: tip avulsion (rare, stable). Type II: base of dens (common, unstable, high nonunion). Type III: into C2 body (better healing).

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Trauma 1 month ago

Levine–Edwards — Hangman’s (Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of Axis)

Type I: 3 mm and/or angulation (disc injury) — traction/halo or surgery. Type IIa: flexion–distraction variant (marked angulation). Type III: with C2–3 facet dislocation...

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Trauma 1 month ago

Young–Burgess — Pelvic Ring Mechanism

APC I–III: progressive symphysis/SI disruption (III complete). LC I–III: sacral compression → crescent fx → windswept (bilateral). VS: vertical shear; CM: combined mechan...

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Trauma 1 month ago

Denis Classification — Sacral Fractures (Zones)

Zone 1: lateral to foramina (alar) — low neuro risk. Zone 2: through foramina — higher L5/S1 root risk. Zone 3: medial to foramina (central canal) — highest cauda equina...

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Trauma 1 month ago

Judet–Letournel — Acetabular Fractures

Elementary: posterior wall/column, anterior wall/column, transverse. Associated: posterior column+wall, transverse+posterior wall, T-shaped, anterior column/posterior hem...

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Trauma 1 month ago

Sanders CT Classification — Calcaneus

I: nondisplaced posterior facet; II: two-part; III: three-part; IV: comminuted (>3 parts). Type correlates with outcome; II–III often ORIF; IV has poorest prognosis.

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Trauma 1 month ago

Hawkins Classification — Talar Neck

I: no dislocation; II: subtalar dislocation; III: subtalar + tibiotalar; IV: plus talonavicular. AVN risk escalates I→IV; displaced types require urgent reduction and fix...

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