Orthopaedic Wiki

General 4 months ago

Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH) — Screening & Management

Spectrum: acetabular dysplasia to frank dislocation. Risk factors: breech, female, family history, oligohydramnios. Clinical: Ortolani & Barlow tests in neonates; Galeazz...

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General 4 months ago

Perthes Disease — Management

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of femoral head in children 4–10 yrs. More common in boys; often unilateral. Clinical: limp, hip/knee pain, limited abduction/internal rotat...

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General 4 months ago

Biceps Pathology — SLAP Lesions

SLAP = Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior tear involving biceps anchor. Mechanism: overhead throwing, fall on outstretched hand. Types I–IV (Snyder classification). Cl...

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Arthroplasty 4 months ago

Hemiarthroplasty Hip — Indications

Most common indication: displaced femoral neck fracture in elderly. Types: unipolar (Austin-Moore, Thompson) vs bipolar prostheses. Advantages: shorter surgery, less bloo...

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General 4 months ago

Avascular Necrosis (AVN) Hip — Ficat & ARCO

AVN = ischemic necrosis of femoral head → collapse and arthritis. Risk factors: steroids, alcohol, trauma, sickle cell, Gaucher’s, idiopathic. Ficat staging I–IV; ARCO in...

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General 4 months ago

High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) — Indications & Techniques

Indications: medial compartment OA with varus deformity in young active patients. Goal: shift weight-bearing axis laterally to unload medial compartment. Techniques: late...

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General 4 months ago

Osteochondral Autograft Transfer (OATS)

Cartilage repair technique for focal chondral defects

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General 4 months ago

Knee Arthrodesis

Salvage procedure for irretrievable failed TKA, chronic infection, tumor resection. Techniques: intramedullary nailing, external fixation (Ilizarov), compression plating....

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Arthroplasty 4 months ago

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) — Indications & Outcomes

Indications: end-stage hip OA, AVN, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, fracture neck femur (elderly). Contraindications: active infection, severe medical comorbidity, poor bone...

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General 4 months ago

Sinding–Larsen–Johansson Disease

Traction apophysitis at inferior pole of patella in adolescents. Similar mechanism to Osgood–Schlatter but at patellar origin of tendon. Clinical: localized pain at infer...

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General 4 months ago

Patellar Dislocation — Acute

Most common acute dislocation of knee; lateral displacement of patella. Mechanism: valgus stress + external rotation with knee flexion. Clinical: sudden giving way, patel...

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General 4 months ago

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)

Common cause of anterior knee pain in young adults, esp. females (‘runner’s knee’). Etiology: maltracking due to Q-angle increase, muscle imbalance, overuse. Clinical: di...

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