Pes planus (flatfoot) is a deformity characterized by loss or reduction of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, resulting in hindfoot valgus, for...
Syme's amputation is a through-ankle amputation in which the foot is removed while preserving the heel pad and distal tibia-fibula, allowing end-beari...
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (CuTS) is the second most common upper-limb compression neuropathy and results from compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbo...
A comprehensive systematic approach to interpreting hip radiographs, covering patient positioning, anatomical landmarks, key lines and angles, patholo...
Tennis elbow = lateral epicondylitis (ECRB tendon origin degeneration). Golfer’s elbow = medial epicondylitis (flexor-pronator origin). Clinical...
Second most common compression neuropathy after CTS; affects ulnar nerve at elbow. Symptoms: paresthesias in ulnar digits, weakness of intrinsic hand...
Common in elderly and overhead athletes; supraspinatus most often torn. Clinical: pain, weakness in abduction/external rotation, night pain. Tests: Jo...
Mallet: extensor tendon avulsion at DIP → inability to extend. Jersey: FDP avulsion at DIP → inability to flex. Mallet mechanism: forced DIP...
Spectrum: acetabular dysplasia to frank dislocation. Risk factors: breech, female, family history, oligohydramnios. Clinical: Ortolani & Barlow tests...
Idiopathic avascular necrosis of femoral head in children 4β10 yrs. More common in boys; often unilateral. Clinical: limp, hip/knee pain, limited abdu...