v3.5 Fusion Pro
Formation markers: bone‑specific ALP, osteocalcin, P1NP. Resorption markers: CTX (C‑telopeptide), NTX, TRAP‑5b. Uses: monitoring therapy in osteoporos...
Gait cycle: stance (~60%) and swing (~40%); double support ~20% of cycle. Rocker phases: heel rocker, ankle rocker, forefoot rocker enable forward pro...
Recurrent hemarthroses → synovial hypertrophy → cartilage damage and arthropathy (ankle, knee, elbow). Evaluation: bleeding history, factor levels/inh...
Cierny–Mader classifies adult osteomyelitis by anatomic type (I–IV) and host status (A/B/C). Type I: Medullary; Type II: Superficial; Type III: Locali...
Subacute osteomyelitis presenting as a localized lytic lesion with sclerotic rim (usually metaphyseal). Typical organisms: Staphylococcus aureus; cult...
Standard: cefazolin within 60 min before incision (2 g; 3 g if >120 kg). Add vancomycin if MRSA colonized/high prevalence or severe β‑lactam allergy;...
Risk high in hip/knee arthroplasty, hip fracture surgery, pelvic/acetabular trauma, prolonged immobility. Options: LMWH, DOACs (apixaban/rivaroxaban),...
Phases: inflammatory (days 1–7), proliferative (days 3–21), remodeling (weeks–months). Intrinsic (tenocyte) vs extrinsic (synovial/paratenon) healing;...
Metals: stainless steel (316L), cobalt‑chrome, titanium alloys; differences in modulus, corrosion resistance, MRI artifacts. Polymers: UHMWPE (arthrop...
Autograft is gold standard: osteogenic + osteoinductive + osteoconductive (iliac crest). Allograft provides scaffold (osteoconductive) ± growth factor...