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Tendon-to-bone fixation is the process of securely attaching a tendon or ligament graft to bone using devices such as bone tunnels, suture anchors, interference screws, cortical buttons, and suspensory fixation systems until biological heal...
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Second most common osteoarticular TB after spine; insidious monoarthritis progressing through stages. Typical deformity: flexion, adduction, external rotation; muscle spa...
Common site of osteoarticular TB after spine and hip; presents with chronic monoarthritis. Phemister triad on X‑ray: peri‑articular osteopenia, marginal erosions, gradual...
Indicated in isolated medial/lateral compartment OA with intact ligaments. Advantages: smaller incision, bone preservation, faster rehab, more natural kinematics. Contrai...
Both indicated for isolated medial compartment OA in younger active patients. HTO: joint-preserving, shifts weight-bearing axis, delays arthroplasty. UKA: joint-replacing...
Gold standard for young active patients with ACL-deficient knee. Grafts: Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone (BTB), Hamstring (STG), Quadriceps tendon, Allograft. Tunnel drilling:...
Recurrent instability may follow failed Bankart repair. Causes: capsulolabral failure, glenoid bone loss, engaging Hill-Sachs. Workup: MRI, CT for bone loss quantificatio...
SLAP = Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior tear at the biceps anchor; pain is deep, activity‑related, with mechanical clicking. Snyder classification I–IV (and extensio...
Surgical approaches: posterior, anterolateral, direct anterior, transtrochanteric. Posterior: excellent exposure, preserves abductors, higher dislocation risk. Anterolate...
Implants classified by degree of constraint: CR (least) → PS → CCK → Hinged (most). CR retains PCL; PS substitutes with cam-post. Constrained implants indicated for insta...
Hemiarthroplasty: isolated humeral head disease (e.g., AVN, head-splitting fracture). Anatomic TSA: primary OA, RA, post-traumatic arthritis with intact rotator cuff. Rev...
Indicated for cuff tear arthropathy, pseudoparalysis, massive irreparable cuff tears. Developed by Grammont: medialized & lowered center of rotation. Deltoid substitutes...
Locally aggressive benign tumor in skeletally mature adults (20–40 yrs). Campanacci classification: Grade I (latent), II (active), III (aggressive with soft tissue extens...
