Evidence Search

An international consensus on the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis and Management for individuals with Frozen Shoulder: a Delphi study.

The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy | 2025 | Salamh P, Stoner B, Ruley N, Zhu H

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). 11. Front Physiol. 2024 Mar 29;15:1248612. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1248612. eCollection 2024. A new perspective of frozen shoulder pathology; the interplay between the brain and the immune system. Navarro-Ledesma S(1)(2), Hamed-Hamed D(3), Pruimboom L(2). Autho...

Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: A Systematic Review.

JAMA | 2016 | Buttgereit F, Dejaco C, Matteson EL, Dasgupta B

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. Radiologie (Heidelb). 2024 Feb;64(2):119-124. doi: 10.1007/s00117-023-01217-5. Epub 2023 Oct 6. [Adhesive capsulitis]. [Article in German; Abstract available in German from the publisher] Kuhn I(1), Erber B(2), Goller SS(3)(4). Author information: (1)Muskuloskelettales Universitätszentrum München (MUM), LMU Klinikum, Ziemssenstr. 5, 80336, München, Deut...

Beyond the capsule: an integrated perspective on the wide world of frozen shoulder. A collaborative viewpoint.

Pain management | 2026 | Brindisino F, Mertens MG, Salamh P, Navarro Ledesma S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or pa...

Transarterial Embolization for Musculoskeletal Pain Management: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review.

AJR. American journal of roentgenology | 2025 | Sajan A, Epelboym Y, Martínez AF, Little M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 10. J Man Manip Ther. 2025 Aug;33(4):309-320. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2025.2470461. Epub 2025 Mar 5. An international consensus on the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis and Management for individuals with Frozen Shoulder: a Delphi study. Salamh P(1), Stoner B(1), Ruley N(1), Zhu H(1), Bateman M(2), Chester R(3), Da Baets L(4)(5), Gibson J(6)(7), Hollmann L(8...

[Adhesive capsulitis].

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) | 2024 | Kuhn I, Erber B, Goller SS

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 8. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;2003(2):CD004258. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004258. Physiotherapy interventions for shoulder pain. Green S(1), Buchbinder R, Hetrick S. Author information: (1)Australasian Cochrane Centre, Monash University, Australasian Cochrane Centre, Locked Bag 29, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. sally.green@med.monash.edu.au BACKGROUND:...

A new perspective of frozen shoulder pathology; the interplay between the brain and the immune system.

Frontiers in physiology | 2024 | Navarro-Ledesma S, Hamed-Hamed D, Pruimboom L

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. 12. Arthroscopy. 2008 Aug;24(8):949-55. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2008.03.014. Epub 2008 May 19. Shoulder stiffness. Tauro JC(1), Paulson M. Author information: (1)Department of O...

Arthrofibrosis Nightmares: Prevention and Management Strategies.

Sports medicine and arthroscopy review | 2022 | Lee DR, Therrien E, Song BM, Camp CL

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: C.L.C. reports personal fees and nonfinancial support from Arthrex, nonfinancial support from Zimmer Biomet, nonfinancial support from Stryker Corporation. A.J.K. reports grants from Aesculap/B.Braun, other from American Journal of Sports Medicine, personal fees and other from Arthrex Inc., grants from Arthritis...

Frozen shoulder or shoulder stiffness from Parkinson disease?

Musculoskeletal surgery | 2019 | Papalia R, Torre G, Papalia G, Baums MH

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 18. Rheumatol Ther. 2022 Apr;9(2):481-495. doi: 10.1007/s40744-021-00413-w. Epub 2021 Dec 23. Ultrasound Features of Adhesive Capsulitis. Stella SM(1)(2), Gualtierotti R(3), Ciampi B(4), Trentanni C(4)(5), Sconfienza LM(6), Del Chiaro A(4)(7), Pacini P(8), Miccoli M(9), Galletti S(10). Author information: (1)Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine...

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: review of pathophysiology and current clinical treatments.

Shoulder & elbow | 2017 | Le HV, Lee SJ, Nazarian A, Rodriguez EK

5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009 Feb;39(2):90-104. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2009.2808. The association of scapular kinematics and glenohumeral joint pathologies. Ludewig PM(1), Reynolds JF. Author information: (1)Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Ludew001@umn.edu There is a growing body of literature associa...

Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts and Concerns.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association | 2016 | Itoi E, Arce G, Bain GI, Diercks RL

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2022 Mar 1;30(1):29-41. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000324. Arthrofibrosis Nightmares: Prevention and Management Strategies. Lee DR(1), Therrien E, Song BM, Camp CL, Krych AJ, Stuart MJ, Abdel MP, Levy BA. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Arthrofibrosis (AF)...

Physiotherapy interventions for shoulder pain.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews | 2003 | Green S, Buchbinder R, Hetrick S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: None known 9. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2025 Feb;224(2):e2431626. doi: 10.2214/AJR.24.31626. Epub 2024 Oct 30. Transarterial Embolization for Musculoskeletal Pain Management: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review. Sajan A(1), Epelboym Y(2), Martínez AF(3), Little M(4), Talaie R(5), Isaacson A(6). Author information: (1)Department of...

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons | 2011 | Neviaser AS, Neviaser RJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. Arthroscopy. 2016 Jul;32(7):1402-14. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.03.024. Epub 2016 May 12. Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts and Concerns. Itoi E(1), Arce G(2), Bain GI(3), Diercks RL(4), Guttmann D(5), Imhoff AB(6), Mazzocca AD(7), Sugaya H(8), Yoo YS(9). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine,...

Frozen Shoulder(Archived).

Journal unavailable | 2026 | Mezian K, Coffey R, Chang KV

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Kamal Mezian declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Ryan Coffey declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Ke-Vin Chang declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 15. Pain Manag. 2026 May;16(5):487-506. doi: 10.1080/17581...

The association of scapular kinematics and glenohumeral joint pathologies.

The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy | 2009 | Ludewig PM, Reynolds JF

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 6. JAMA. 2016 Jun 14;315(22):2442-58. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.5444. Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: A Systematic Review. Buttgereit F(1), Dejaco C(2), Matteson EL(3), Dasgupta B(4). Author information: (1)Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany. (2)Department of Rheumatology and Immun...

Shoulder stiffness.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association | 2008 | Tauro JC, Paulson M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 13. Joint Bone Spine. 2000;67(5):393-400. Frozen shoulder. Noël E(1), Thomas T, Schaeverbeke T, Thomas P, Bonjean M, Revel M. Author information: (1)Service de rhumatologie, h pital Edouard-Herriot, Lyons, France. Stiffness is a consistent but nonspecific symptom of primary frozen shoulder, a condition defined by restriction of passive motion in all planes...

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit shoulder stiffness via let-7a/Tgfbr1 axis.

Bioactive materials | 2022 | Luo Z, Sun Y, Qi B, Lin J

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests, and all authors should confirm its accuracy. 17. Musculoskelet Surg. 2019 Aug;103(2):115-119. doi: 10.1007/s12306-018-0567-3. Epub 2018 Oct 1. Frozen shoulder or shoulder stiffness from Parkinson disease? Papalia R(1), Torre G(2), Papalia G(1), Baums MH(3), Narbona P(4), Di Lazzaro V(5),...

Ultrasound Features of Adhesive Capsulitis.

Rheumatology and therapy | 2022 | Stella SM, Gualtierotti R, Ciampi B, Trentanni C

19. Orthopade. 2000 Oct;29(10):845-51. doi: 10.1007/s001320050535. [The frozen shoulder]. [Article in German] Hertel R(1). Author information: (1)Universitätsklinik für Orthopädische Chirurgie, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern. ralph.hertel@insel.ch Painful stiffness of the shoulder is an ill-defined clinical entity that is difficult to assess and delicate to treat. The nomenclature u...

Adhesive capsulitis - shoulder

Radiopaedia.org | 2021 | Heba Abdelmonem

Adhesive capsulitis: shoulder

Radiopaedia.org | 2020 | Dai Roberts

Adhesive capsulitis - shoulder

Radiopaedia.org | 2020 | Utkarsh Kabra

Adhesive capsulitis: shoulder

Radiopaedia.org | 2020 | Bahman Rasuli

Adhesive capsulitis - shoulder

Radiopaedia.org | 2019 | Nick Tarasov

Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)

Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation: a Team Approach | 2018 | Christopher J. Durall

Adhesive Capsulitis

Mayo Clinic Principles of Shoulder Surgery | 2018 | Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo

Some individuals experience a condition characterized by spontaneous shoulder pain and stiffness due to synovitis, fibrosis, and loss of capsule elasticity without a clear-cut inciting cause. Most commonly, this condition is named adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder, terms applied only when shoulder radiographs are essentially normal and other reasons for shoulder pain and s...

Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

Radiopaedia.org | 2018 | Salman Albakheet

Adhesive capsulitis - shoulder

Radiopaedia.org | 2017 | Chris O'Donnell

Frozen shoulder.

Joint bone spine | 2000 | Noël E, Thomas T, Schaeverbeke T, Thomas P

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 14. Frozen Shoulder(Archived). Mezian K(1), Coffey R(2), Chang KV(3). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. 2023 Aug 28. Author information: (1)1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles Un (2)Martin Army Community Hospital (3)National Taiwan University Hospital Adhesive capsulitis (AC), is also known as frozen shoulder...

[The frozen shoulder].

Der Orthopade | 2000 | Hertel R

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 20. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2004 Aug;15(3):v, 557-73. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2003.12.007. The stiff shoulder. Harrast MA(1), Rao AG. Author information: (1)Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA. mharrast@u.washington.edu Shoulder stiffness is a common but poorly understood disorder of the glenohumeral joint. M...

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (frozen shoulder)

Radiopaedia.org | 2013 | Salem Bauones

Shoulder Stiffness/Frozen Shoulder/Adhesive Capsulitis

Instructions for Sports Medicine Patients | 2012 | Marc R. Safran, James Zachazewski, David A. Stone

Adhesive capsulitis: shoulder

Radiopaedia.org | 2012 | Roberto Schubert

Adhesive capsulitis - shoulder

Radiopaedia.org | 2010 | The Radswiki

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder

Radiopaedia.org | 2005

The stiff shoulder.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America | 2004 | Harrast MA, Rao AG

[Indexed for MEDLINE]

Adhesive Capsulitis and the Stiff and Painful Shoulder

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 1980 | Jules S. Neviaser