Orthopaedic Wiki

Trauma 4 months ago

Levine–Edwards — Hangman’s (Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of Axis)

Type I: 3 mm and/or angulation (disc injury) — traction/halo or surgery. Type IIa: flexion–distraction variant (marked angulation). Type III: with C2–3 facet dislocation...

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Trauma 4 months ago

Young–Burgess — Pelvic Ring Mechanism

APC I–III: progressive symphysis/SI disruption (III complete). LC I–III: sacral compression → crescent fx → windswept (bilateral). VS: vertical shear; CM: combined mechan...

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Trauma 4 months ago

Denis Classification — Sacral Fractures (Zones)

Zone 1: lateral to foramina (alar) — low neuro risk. Zone 2: through foramina — higher L5/S1 root risk. Zone 3: medial to foramina (central canal) — highest cauda equina...

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Trauma 4 months ago

Judet–Letournel — Acetabular Fractures

Elementary: posterior wall/column, anterior wall/column, transverse. Associated: posterior column+wall, transverse+posterior wall, T-shaped, anterior column/posterior hem...

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Trauma 4 months ago

Sanders CT Classification — Calcaneus

I: nondisplaced posterior facet; II: two-part; III: three-part; IV: comminuted (>3 parts). Type correlates with outcome; II–III often ORIF; IV has poorest prognosis.

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Trauma 4 months ago

Hawkins Classification — Talar Neck

I: no dislocation; II: subtalar dislocation; III: subtalar + tibiotalar; IV: plus talonavicular. AVN risk escalates I→IV; displaced types require urgent reduction and fix...

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Trauma 4 months ago

Hardcastle–Myerson — Lisfranc Injuries

A: total incongruity; B1: medial partial; B2: lateral partial; C1: divergent partial; C2: divergent complete. Any >2 mm displacement typically requires surgical fixation/...

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Trauma 4 months ago

5th Metatarsal Base — Zones (Pseudo-Jones/Jones/Stress)

Zone I: tuberosity avulsion (pseudo-Jones) — usually heals conservatively. Zone II: Jones fracture at metaphyseal–diaphyseal junction — watershed area, higher nonunion →...

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Trauma 4 months ago

Tile Classification — Pelvic Ring Stability

A: stable (posterior arch intact). B: rotationally unstable, vertically stable (open-book APC or LC injuries). C: rotationally + vertically unstable (complete posterior d...

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Trauma 4 months ago

Patella — Pattern-Based (AO/OTA 34)

Transverse, comminuted (stellate), polar avulsion, vertical; AO: 34-A extra-articular pole, 34-C transverse/comminuted. Displacement/extensor disruption → ORIF; minimal d...

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Trauma 4 months ago

AO/OTA 42 — Tibial Shaft + Oestern–Tscherne & Gustilo

AO: 42-A simple, 42-B wedge, 42-C complex/segmental. Closed soft tissues graded by Oestern–Tscherne; open injuries by Gustilo (I–IIIC). Guides fixation strategy and antib...

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Trauma 4 months ago

Danis–Weber Classification — Ankle (Fibula Level)

A: infra-syndesmotic; B: at syndesmosis; C: supra-syndesmotic (Maisonneuve possible). Instability rises from A→C; C requires ORIF with syndesmotic fixation.

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