Orthopaedic Wiki

General 1 month ago

Osteochondral Defects — Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)

Cartilage defects cause pain, swelling, mechanical symptoms; poor intrinsic healing. ACI: two-stage procedure — harvest cartilage → culture chondrocytes → reimplant under...

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General 1 month ago

Jersey Finger

Avulsion of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon from distal phalanx. Mechanism: forced extension of DIP during active flexion (grabbing opponent’s jersey). Clinical:...

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General 1 month ago

Boutonniere Deformity

Flexion of PIP joint with hyperextension of DIP joint. Caused by central slip rupture of extensor tendon at PIP. Mechanism: forceful blow, RA, laceration. Clinical: inabi...

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General 1 month ago

Swan Neck Deformity

Hyperextension of PIP with flexion of DIP joint. Caused by RA (most common), trauma, chronic mallet finger, spasticity. Clinical: finger looks like swan neck, loss of gri...

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General 1 month ago

Dupuytren’s Contracture

Fibroproliferative disorder of palmar fascia causing fixed flexion deformity of fingers. Risk factors: male, >40 years, northern European descent, diabetes, alcoholism, s...

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General 1 month ago

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury — Skier’s Thumb

Injury to ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of thumb MCP joint. Mechanism: valgus stress from fall on abducted thumb (ski pole). Clinical: pain, swelling, instability at MC...

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General 1 month ago

Meniscal Tears — Types & Repair

Menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures aiding load transmission, stability, and lubrication. Types: longitudinal, horizontal, radial, flap, bucket handle, complex. Cli...

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General 1 month ago

Scapho-Lunate Instability

Most common carpal instability; due to disruption of scapholunate ligament. Clinical: wrist pain, weakness, clicking; positive Watson’s test. Radiology: gap >3 mm (‘Terry...

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General 1 month ago

Kienböck Disease

Avascular necrosis of lunate; affects young adults, more in men. Risk factors: negative ulnar variance, trauma, vascular anomalies. Lichtman staging I–IV guides managemen...

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General 1 month ago

Mallet Finger

Avulsion of extensor tendon at DIP joint; may involve bony fragment. Mechanism: sudden forced flexion of extended DIP (e.g., ball injury). Clinical: inability to extend D...

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General 1 month ago

Trigger Finger & de Quervain

Trigger finger: stenosing tenosynovitis of flexor tendon sheath (A1 pulley). Symptoms: painful clicking/locking of finger; risk in diabetics, RA. De Quervain: stenosing t...

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Tumor 1 month ago

Modular Mega-prosthesis — Knee

Used after wide resection of distal femur/proximal tibia tumors. Modular systems allow intraoperative flexibility and immediate stability. Expandable designs used in chil...

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