Idiopathic or secondary; painful stiffness with capsular pattern (ER most limited). Stages: painful freezing → frozen → thawing; natural history 1–3 years. Nonoperative: NSAIDs, PT, intra‑articular steroid injections. Operative: MUA or arthroscopic capsular release for refractory cases. Rule out secondary causes (diabetes, thyroid, post‑surgical).
Idiopathic or secondary; painful stiffness with capsular pattern (ER most limited). Stages: painful freezing → frozen → thawing; natural history 1–3 years. Nonoperative: NSAIDs, PT, intra‑articular steroid injections. Operative: MUA or arthroscopic capsular release for refractory cases. Rule out secondary causes (diabetes, thyroid, post‑surgical).
What is the most common risk factor associated with adhesive capsulitis?
In which stage of adhesive capsulitis is severe pain particularly common, especially at night?
During physical examination of a patient with adhesive capsulitis, which movement is typically the most restricted?
What is the typical natural history duration for adhesive capsulitis?
What is the first-line nonoperative treatment for adhesive capsulitis?
In the frozen stage of adhesive capsulitis, which of the following statements is true regarding pain?
Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with adhesive capsulitis?
What is the typical passive range of motion for external rotation in a patient with adhesive capsulitis?
What is the primary mechanism underlying adhesive capsulitis?
Which surgical intervention is commonly considered for refractory cases of adhesive capsulitis?
