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Evidence Search

Search reputable indexed orthopaedic literature from multiple scholarly sources, classify the evidence, and link papers directly to wiki topics and cases.

Sources: PubMed, Europe PMC, Crossref

Linking results to Wiki: Types of Callus in Fracture Healing
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Results are classified automatically from source metadata across PubMed, Europe PMC, and Crossref.
PubMed Crossref
PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Association between Bone Turnover Markers and Fracture Healing in Long Bone Non-Union: A Systematic Review.

Journal of clinical medicine | 2024 | Perut F, Roncuzzi L, Gómez-Barrena E, Baldini N

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 17. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998 Oct;(355 Suppl):S301-13. doi: 10.1097/00003086-199810001-00031. Potential role of insulinlike growth factors in fracture healing. Trippel SB(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Several lines of evidence...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Advances on T cell immunity in bone remodeling and bone regeneration.

Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences | 2024 | Hu W, Deng J, Su Z, Wang H

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突 The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests 11. J Orthop Res. 2025 Nov;43(11):1973-1986. doi: 10.1002/jor.70040. Epub 2025 Aug 3. COX-2 in Fracture Callus Chondro-Osseous Junction Osteoclasts Regulates Chondrocyte Hypertrophy and Callus Vasculogenesis. Teitelbaum M(1)(2), Lin HN(1)...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

What do we know about bone morphogenetic proteins and osteochondroprogenitors in inflammatory conditions?

Bone | 2020 | Lukač N, Katavić V, Novak S, Šućur A

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 16. J Clin Med. 2024 Apr 17;13(8):2333. doi: 10.3390/jcm13082333. Association between Bone Turnover Markers and Fracture Healing in Long Bone Non-Union: A Systematic Review. Perut F(1), Roncuzzi L(1), Gómez-Barrena E(2)(3), Baldini N(1)(4). Author information: (1)Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedic...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The Effects of Long-term Use of Nitrogen-containing Bisphosphonates on Fracture Healing.

Cureus | 2019 | Begkas D, Pastroudis A, Touzopoulos P, Markeas NG

Conflict of interest statement: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 19. Orthopedics. 1984 Dec 1;7(12):1823-6. doi: 10.3928/0147-7447-19841201-08. Twenty years experience in fracture healing measurement with strain gauges. Burny F, Donkerwolcke M, Bourgois R, Domb M, Saric O. The external fixator provides a mechanical connection between the bone fragment...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The Role of the Immune Cells in Fracture Healing.

Current osteoporosis reports | 2018 | Baht GS, Vi L, Alman BA

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Benjamin Alman and Gurpreet Baht declare no conflict of interest. HUMAN AND ANIMAL RIGHTS AND INFORMED CONSENT: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. 7. Bone. 2025 Sep;198:117524. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2025.117524. Epub 2025 May 15. Effect...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Quantitative phenotyping of bone fracture repair: a review.

BoneKEy reports | 2014 | Casanova M, Schindeler A, Little D, Müller R

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 10. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2024 Aug 25;53(4):450-459. doi: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0619. Advances on T cell immunity in bone remodeling and bone regeneration. [Article in Chinese, English; Abstract available in Chinese from the publisher] Hu W(1), Deng J(2), Su Z(2), Wang H(3), Lin S(4)(5). A...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Effects of aging on the immune and periosteal response to fracture injury.

Bone | 2025 | King JS, Wan M, Kim A, Prabhu S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest All authors report no conflicts of interest. 8. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Oct;20(10):1715-22. doi: 10.1359/JBMR.050702. Epub 2005 Jul 5. Application of histomorphometric methods to the study of bone repair. Gerstenfeld LC(1), Wronski TJ, Hollinger JO, Einhorn TA. Author information: (1)Departme...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

COX-2 in Fracture Callus Chondro-Osseous Junction Osteoclasts Regulates Chondrocyte Hypertrophy and Callus Vasculogenesis.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society | 2025 | Teitelbaum M, Lin HN, Culbertson MD, Wetterstrand C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 12. J Orthop Res. 2020 Nov;38(11):2350-2361. doi: 10.1002/jor.24650. Epub 2020 Mar 16. Modulation of Notch1 signaling regulates bone fracture healing. Novak S(1), Roeder E(1), Sinder BP(1), Adams DJ(2)(3), Siebel CW(4), Grcevic D(5), Hankenson KD(6), Matthews BG(1)(7), Kalajzic I(1). Author information: (1)Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Healt...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Targeting senescent cells to boost bone fracture healing.

The Journal of clinical investigation | 2024 | Hofbauer LC, Baschant U, Hofbauer C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of interest: The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists. 4. Br J Sports Med. 1996 Jun;30(2):171-5. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.30.2.171. The footballer's fracture. Cattermole HR(1), Hardy JR, Gregg PJ. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of St Cross, Rugby, United Kingdom. Err...

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PubMed Cohort / Comparative Study Evidence Moderate

[Scaphoid malunion].

Chirurgie de la main | 2008 | Saffar P

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. J Clin Invest. 2024 Jun 17;134(12):e181974. doi: 10.1172/JCI181974. Targeting senescent cells to boost bone fracture healing. Hofbauer LC(1)(2), Baschant U(1), Hofbauer C(3)(4). Author information: (1)Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III & University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Me...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Fracture healing: the diamond concept.

Injury | 2007 | Giannoudis PV, Einhorn TA, Marsh D

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. Chir Main. 2008 Apr-Jun;27(2-3):65-75. doi: 10.1016/j.main.2008.05.004. Epub 2008 Jun 9. [Scaphoid malunion]. [Article in French] Saffar P(1). Author information: (1)Institut Français de Chirurgie de la Main, Paris, France. psaffar@ifcm.org Scaphoid fracture and healing are often difficult to diagnose. The scaphoid bone may heal in an abnormal position...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The enhancement of bone regeneration by ultrasound.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology | 2007 | Claes L, Willie B

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 14. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1991 Jul;21(4):813-44. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(91)50085-1. Morphology of fracture nonunion and osteomyelitis. Woodard JC(1), Riser WH. Author information: (1)Department of Comparative and Experimental Pathology, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville. The author reviews the types and patho...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Application of histomorphometric methods to the study of bone repair.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research | 2005 | Gerstenfeld LC, Wronski TJ, Hollinger JO, Einhorn TA

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 9. Bonekey Rep. 2014 Jul 30;3:550. doi: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.45. eCollection 2014. Quantitative phenotyping of bone fracture repair: a review. Casanova M(1), Schindeler A(2), Little D(2), Müller R(3), Schneider P(4). Author information: (1)Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland ; Orthopaed...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Modulation of Notch1 signaling regulates bone fracture healing.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society | 2020 | Novak S, Roeder E, Sinder BP, Adams DJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 13. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2007 Jan-Apr;93(1-3):384-98. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.07.021. Epub 2006 Aug 10. The enhancement of bone regeneration by ultrasound. Claes L(1), Willie B. Author information: (1)Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany. lutz.claes@uni-ulm.de Millions of f...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Potential role of insulinlike growth factors in fracture healing.

Clinical orthopaedics and related research | 1998 | Trippel SB

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 18. Cureus. 2019 Mar 25;11(3):e4307. doi: 10.7759/cureus.4307. The Effects of Long-term Use of Nitrogen-containing Bisphosphonates on Fracture Healing. Begkas D(1), Pastroudis A(1), Touzopoulos P(2), Markeas NG(3), Chatzopoulos ST(1). Author information: (1)Orthopaedics, Asclepieion Voulas General Hospital, Athens, GRC. (2)Orthopaedics, University General...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Early fracture callus displays smooth muscle‐like viscoelastic properties ex vivo: Implications for fracture healing

Journal of Orthopaedic Research | 2009 | Stuart J. McDonald, Philip C. Dooley, Aaron C. McDonald, Johannes A. Schuijers

AbstractCells of early, fibrous callus in bone fractures possess much alpha smooth muscle actin. This callus contracts and relaxes; however, active and passive components of its force production have yet to be defined. We aimed to establish whether passive viscoelastic properties of early soft fracture callus are smooth muscle‐like in nature. Under anesthesia one rib was fractu...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Genes with greater up‐regulation in the fracture callus of older rats with delayed healing

Journal of Orthopaedic Research | 2007 | Martha H. Meyer, Ralph A. Meyer

AbstractThe rate of bone formation to bridge a fracture gap slows with age. To explore potential pathogenic mechanisms and possible negative‐feedback responses by the skeleton to this reduced rate of healing, mRNA transcripts up‐regulated more and/or longer were studied in older rats with delayed healing. Female rats at 6 (young), 26 (adult), and 52 (old) weeks of age received...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Morphology of fracture nonunion and osteomyelitis.

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice | 1991 | Woodard JC, Riser WH

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 15. Bone. 2020 Aug;137:115403. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115403. Epub 2020 May 1. What do we know about bone morphogenetic proteins and osteochondroprogenitors in inflammatory conditions? Lukač N(1), Katavić V(1), Novak S(2), Šućur A(3), Filipović M(3), Kalajzić I(2), Grčević D(3), Kovačić N(4). Author information: (1)Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Un...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

The footballer's fracture.

British journal of sports medicine | 1996 | Cattermole HR, Hardy JR, Gregg PJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 5. Skeletal Radiol. 1981;6(1):21-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00347342. Nonunion. Naimark A, Miller K, Segal D, Kossoff J. Nonunion can be classified into hypertrophic and atrophic types solely on radiographic appearance. The etiology of the former is uncontrolled motion at the fracture site and of the latter is devitalization of bone at the fracture site. The orthop...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Twenty years experience in fracture healing measurement with strain gauges.

Orthopedics | 1984 | Burny F, Donkerwolcke M, Bourgois R, Domb M

20. Cell Regen. 2023 Jul 25;12(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13619-023-00169-4. Deer antler renewal gives insights into mammalian epimorphic regeneration. Li C(1)(2)(3). Author information: (1)Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600, China. lichunyi1959@163.com. (2)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changc...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Nonunion.

Skeletal radiology | 1981 | Naimark A, Miller K, Segal D, Kossoff J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 6. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2018 Apr;16(2):138-145. doi: 10.1007/s11914-018-0423-2. The Role of the Immune Cells in Fracture Healing. Baht GS(1)(2)(3), Vi L(4), Alman BA(5)(6). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, DUMC 104775, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA. gurpreet.baht...

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