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Evidence Search

Search reputable indexed orthopaedic literature from multiple scholarly sources, classify the evidence, and link papers directly to wiki topics and cases.

Sources: PubMed, Europe PMC, Crossref

Linking results to Wiki: Achilles Tendinopathy & Rupture
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Results are classified automatically from source metadata across PubMed, Europe PMC, and Crossref.
PubMed Crossref
PubMed Guideline / Consensus Evidence High

Diagnostic domains, differential diagnosis and conditions requiring further medical attention that are considered important in the assessment for Achilles tendinopathy: a Delphi consensus study.

British journal of sports medicine | 2025 | Malliaras P, Gravare Silbernagel K, de Vos RJ, Bourke J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: None declared. 6. Hong Kong Med J. 2014 Dec;20(6):545-7. doi: 10.12809/hkmj134105. Fluoroquinolone-induced Achilles tendinitis. Tam PK(1), Ho CT(1). Author information: (1)Department of Medicine, Tung Wah Hospital, 12 Po Yan Street, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong. We report a case of Achilles tendinitis after int...

PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Injection therapies for Achilles tendinopathy.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews | 2015 | Kearney RS, Parsons N, Metcalfe D, Costa ML

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Rebecca S Kearney, Nick Parsons, David Metcalfe and Matthew L Costa: the authors' institution, University of Warwick, has received research grants and PRP (platelet‐rich plasma) materials at cost price for studies related to the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy and rupture, including injection studies. Rebecca S Kearney, N...

Crossref Review Article Evidence Moderate

Outcomes After Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Chronic Noninsertional Achilles Tendinopathy Compared With Chronic Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: A Retrospective Review

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2024 | James J. Butler, Brittany DeClouette, Mohammad T. Azam, Raymond C. Walls

Background: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a noninvasive treatment modality that is used in the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy (AT). Purposes: To (1) retrospectively assess outcomes after ESWT for both noninsertional AT (NAT) and insertional AT (IAT) at >1-year follow-up and (2) identify potential predictors of outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the Management of Sports Medicine Injuries.

Current sports medicine reports | 2021 | Schroeder AN, Tenforde AS, Jelsing EJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. Achilles Tendinopathy. Medina Pabón MA(1), Bergman R(2), Naqvi U(3). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. 2026 Jun 8. Author information: (1)University Industrial Santander / University CES (2)Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (3)Univ. of Miami/Jackson Health System The Achilles tendon, als...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The analgesic effect of joint mobilization and manipulation in tendinopathy: a narrative review.

The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy | 2021 | Savva C, Karagiannis C, Korakakis V, Efstathiou M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: All authors declare that there is not any interest or relationship, financial or otherwise that might be perceived as influencing an author’s objectivity is considered a potential source of conflict of interest. 14. J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 27;11(13):3698. doi: 10.3390/jcm11133698. Achilles Tendon Rupture and Dysmetabolic Diseas...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Anatomical and Functional Considerations in Achilles Tendon Lesions.

Foot and ankle clinics | 2019 | Dederer KM, Tennant JN

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 12. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1994 Feb;8(1):137-48. doi: 10.1016/s0950-3579(05)80228-6. Exercise and soft tissue injury. Hart LE(1). Author information: (1)Rheumatic Disease Unit, Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Once the almost exclusive domain of the orthopaedic surgeon, sports injuries are now being seen with increasing frequency...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

What Do You Do With The Achilles if You Have No Fancy Toys?

Foot and ankle clinics | 2017 | Shah R, Patil SD

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 11. Foot Ankle Clin. 2019 Sep;24(3):371-385. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2019.04.001. Anatomical and Functional Considerations in Achilles Tendon Lesions. Dederer KM(1), Tennant JN(2). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of North Carolina, 130 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. (2)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Universit...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Combined Tendon and Bone Allograft Transplantation for Chronic Achilles Tendon Ruptures.

Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery | 2016 | Catanzariti AR, Hentges M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 17. Arthroscopy. 2007 Aug;23(8):889-902. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2007.03.003. Epub 2007 May 7. Arthroscopy and endoscopy of the foot and ankle: indications for new techniques. Lui TH(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, North District Hospital, Hong Kong, China. luithderek@yahoo.co.uk Comment in Arthroscopy. 2007 Aug;23(8):...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Achilles Tendinopathy.

Journal unavailable | 2026 | Medina Pabón MA, Bergman R, Naqvi U

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Miguel Medina Pabón declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Rachel Bergman declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Usker Naqvi declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 3. Radiographics. 2024 Apr;44(4):e230163. doi: 10...

Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Achilles Pain, Stiffness, and Muscle Power Deficits: Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy Revision – 2024

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy | 2025

Midportion tendinopathy is a common overuse lower extremity injury, with a prevalence of 4% to 7%. Achilles tendinopathy especially affects people who participate in activities that load the Achilles tendon, such as running. The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment—Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire has been the go-to patient-reported outcome measure of the perceived impact of...

Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Comparison of Haglund Height and Angle in Persons with or without Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy

Nepal Orthopedic Association Journal | 2025 | Praphulla Shrestha

BACKGROUND Insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) has been associated with Haglund deformity of the posterosuperior calcaneal tubercle. During surgical treatment of IAT, excision of the Haglund deformity is being performed as a routine, which adds morbidity. We wanted to find out if is that really necessary or not by comparing the Haglund height and angle between patients with...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

The Heel Complex: Anatomy, Imaging, Pathologic Conditions, and Treatment.

Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc | 2024 | Flores DV, Goes PK, Damer A, Huang BK

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006 Jun;11(2):391-414, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2006.03.002. Hindfoot endoscopy. van Dijk CN(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.lammerts@amc.uva.nl Hindfoot pain can be caused by a variety of pathologies; most of these can be diagno...

PubMed Case Report / Series Evidence Low

Musculoskeletal manifestations of alkaptonuria: A case report and literature review.

European journal of rheumatology | 2019 | Wu K, Bauer E, Myung G, Fang MA

Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. 19. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Sep;48(3):433-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00016.x. Achilles tendinitis associated with fluoroquinolones. van der Linden PD(1), van de Lei J, Nab HW, Knol A, Stricker BH. Author information: (1)Pharmaco-epidemiology Unit, Department of Epi...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Achilles Tendon Rupture and Dysmetabolic Diseases: A Multicentric, Epidemiologic Study.

Journal of clinical medicine | 2022 | Oliva F, Marsilio E, Asparago G, Giai Via A

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 15. Radiol Clin North Am. 2010 Nov;48(6):1125-35. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2010.07.008. Imaging of triathlon injuries. Tuite MJ(1). Author information: (1)Musculoskeletal Division, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Medical School/UW Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA. mjtuite@...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Arthroscopy and endoscopy of the foot and ankle: indications for new techniques.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association | 2007 | Lui TH

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 18. Eur J Rheumatol. 2018 Nov 16;6(2):98-101. doi: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2018.18116. Print 2019 Apr. Musculoskeletal manifestations of alkaptonuria: A case report and literature review. Wu K(1)(2), Bauer E(1)(2), Myung G(1)(2), Fang MA(1)(2). Author information: (1)Division of Rheumatology, University of California David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles,...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Hindfoot endoscopy.

Foot and ankle clinics | 2006 | van Dijk CN

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 5. Br J Sports Med. 2025 Jun 18;59(13):891-901. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-109185. Diagnostic domains, differential diagnosis and conditions requiring further medical attention that are considered important in the assessment for Achilles tendinopathy: a Delphi consensus study. Malliaras P(1), Gravare Silbernagel K(2), de Vos RJ(3), Bourke J(4), Sancho I(5)...

PubMed Case Report / Series Evidence Low

Fluoroquinolone-induced Achilles tendinitis.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi | 2014 | Tam PK, Ho CT

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 May 26;2015(5):CD010960. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010960.pub2. Injection therapies for Achilles tendinopathy. Kearney RS(1), Parsons N, Metcalfe D, Costa ML. Author information: (1)Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, CV4 7AL. Update of doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010960. BACKGROUND: Achilles tendinopa...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Rupture of the Achilles and patellar tendons.

Clinics in sports medicine | 2003 | Maffulli N, Wong J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 10. Foot Ankle Clin. 2017 Dec;22(4):801-818. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2017.07.008. Epub 2017 Sep 28. What Do You Do With The Achilles if You Have No Fancy Toys? Shah R(1), Patil SD(2). Author information: (1)Global Foot and Ankle Council; Asia-Pacific Foot and Ankle Council; Indian Foot and Ankle Society; Sunshine Global Hospitals, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; Suns...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Imaging of triathlon injuries.

Radiologic clinics of North America | 2010 | Tuite MJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 16. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2016 Jan;33(1):125-37. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Aug 30. Combined Tendon and Bone Allograft Transplantation for Chronic Achilles Tendon Ruptures. Catanzariti AR(1), Hentges M(2). Author information: (1)Residency Training Program, Foot & Ankle Surgery, West Penn Hospital, 4800 Friendship Avenue, N1, Pittsburgh, PA...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Achilles tendon injuries in athletes.

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) | 1994 | Kvist M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 9. Clin Sports Med. 2003 Oct;22(4):761-76. doi: 10.1016/s0278-5919(03)00009-7. Rupture of the Achilles and patellar tendons. Maffulli N(1), Wong J. Author information: (1)Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Keele University School of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill ST47QB, UK. n.maffulli@keele.ac.uk Certain similarities can clearly be appreciated...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Exercise and soft tissue injury.

Bailliere's clinical rheumatology | 1994 | Hart LE

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 13. J Man Manip Ther. 2021 Oct;29(5):276-287. doi: 10.1080/10669817.2021.1904348. Epub 2021 Mar 26. The analgesic effect of joint mobilization and manipulation in tendinopathy: a narrative review. Savva C(1), Karagiannis C(1), Korakakis V(2), Efstathiou M(3). Author information: (1)Department of Health Science, European University, Nicosia, Cyprus. (2)Aspe...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Achilles tendinitis associated with fluoroquinolones.

British journal of clinical pharmacology | 1999 | van der Linden PD, van de Lei J, Nab HW, Knol A

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 20. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2017 May-Jun;56(3):555-563. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2017.01.024. Epub 2017 Feb 28. Achilles Impingement Tendinopathy on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Bullock MJ(1), Mourelatos J(2), Mar A(3). Author information: (1)Surgeon, Saginaw Valley Bone and Joint Center, Saginaw, MI. Electronic address: markbullockdpm@gmail.com. (2)Doctor, Eastpoint...