Evidence Search

Femoral head fractures: anatomy, diagnosis and management.

EFORT open reviews | 2026 | Dunseath OA, Al-Obaidi I, Ignatius L, Rudran B

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the work reported. 10. Orthopade. 1997 Apr;26(4):360-7. doi: 10.1007/PL00003392. [Treatment of Pipkin fractures]. [Article in German] Nast-Kolb D(1), Ruchholtz S, Schweiberer L. Author information: (1)Chirurgische Klinik und Polikl...

Pipkin fractures: fracture type-specific management.

Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery | 2024 | Gänsslen A, Lindtner RA, Krappinger D, Franke J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022 Oct;48(5):4113-4118. doi: 10.1007/s00068-022-01951-w. Epub 2022 Mar 25. Pipkin fractures: epidemiology and outcome. Enocson A(1)(2), Wolf O(3). Author information: (1)Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. anders.enocson@regionstockholm.se. (2)Department of Trauma, Acute Surge...

Dislocation fracture of the femoral head in adult.

EFORT open reviews | 2022 | Chiron P, Reina N

5. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2007 Dec;15(12):716-27. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200712000-00005. Fracture of the femoral head. Droll KP(1), Broekhuyse H, O'Brien P. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, University of Brish Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Fracture of the femoral head is a severe, relatively uncommon injury; typically, it occurs following traumatic po...

Surgical Approaches for Managing Femoral Head Fractures (FHFs); What and How to Choose from the Different Options?

Orthopedic research and reviews | 2022 | Khalifa AA, Ahmed EM, Farouk OA

Conflict of interest statement: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. 20. J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Nov 24;20(1):1029. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-06442-3. Femoral head fracture management: outcomes of surgical hip dislocation with bioabsorbable screw fixation. Chen J(1)(2), Zhang Y(3), Feng Z(1)(2), Cai L(1)(2), Huang S(1)(2), Liu Z(4), Liu W(5)(6). Author inform...

Fractures of the femoral head: a narrative review.

EFORT open reviews | 2021 | Menger MM, Braun BJ, Herath SC, Küper MA

Conflict of interest statement: ICMJE Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest relevant to this work. 7. Radiol Med. 2022 Nov;127(11):1235-1244. doi: 10.1007/s11547-022-01558-6. Epub 2022 Sep 21. Fracture line distribution in femoral head fractures: a complement to Pipkin, Brumback, and AO/OTA classifications. Wu S(#)(1), Li R(#)(1), Wang W(2)...

Management, complications and clinical results of femoral head fractures.

Injury | 2009 | Giannoudis PV, Kontakis G, Christoforakis Z, Akula M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 9. EFORT Open Rev. 2026 Mar 2;11(3):175-182. doi: 10.1530/EOR-2025-0026. Femoral head fractures: anatomy, diagnosis and management. Dunseath OA(1), Al-Obaidi I(2), Ignatius L(3), Rudran B(4)(5), Jordan C(5). Author information: (1)University College London, London, UK. (2)University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. (3)Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Tru...

Proximal Femoral Fractures: What the Orthopedic Surgeon Wants to Know.

Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc | 2015 | Sheehan SE, Shyu JY, Weaver MJ, Sodickson AD

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 12. J Orthop Trauma. 2023 Apr 1;37(4):181-188. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000002512. Risk Factors for Early Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Pipkin IV Femoral Head Fracture. Cichos KH(1), White PA(2), Bergin PF(2), Ghanem ES(1), McGwin G Jr(3), Hawkins J(1), Spitler CA(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama...

Case report of a delayed iatrogenic Pipkin type III femoral head fracture-dislocation.

Medicine | 2022 | Li QW, Zhou CS, Li YP

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interests to disclose. 19. Orthop Res Rev. 2022 Apr 23;14:133-145. doi: 10.2147/ORR.S353582. eCollection 2022. Surgical Approaches for Managing Femoral Head Fractures (FHFs); What and How to Choose from the Different Options? Khalifa AA(1), Ahmed EM(2), Farouk OA(3). Author information: (1)Or...

Femoral head fracture management: outcomes of surgical hip dislocation with bioabsorbable screw fixation.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research | 2025 | Chen J, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Cai L

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This is a retrospective observational study. The Research Ethics Committee of Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine confirmed that ethical approval was not required. Written informed consent was obtained from all enrolled patients. Consent for publication: A...

Femoral Head and Acetabular Fractures (Pipkin Type IV Injuries)

A Practical Guide to Management of Femoral Head Fracture-Dislocation | 2025 | Arvind Kumar, Vivek Trikha

Pipkin classification of femoral head fractures (illustration)

Radiopaedia.org | 2024 | Leonardo Lustosa

USING THE PIPKIN CLASSIFICATION IN DETERMINING THE TREATMENT TACTICS OF FEMORAL HEAD FRACTURES

ORTHOPAEDICS TRAUMATOLOGY and PROSTHETICS | 2024 | Maxim Golovakha, Weniamin Orljanski, Tomas Braunsteiner, Mykhaylo Lisunov

Femoral head fractures are a rare injury with limited information in the literature. Recent studies have been based on small case series, indicating that the incidence of fractures in hip dislocation varies from 7 to 18 %. Fractures of the femoral head are classified according to Pipkin. Treatment is often accompanied by significant complications, and the choice of the optimal...

Risk Factors for Early Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Pipkin IV Femoral Head Fracture.

Journal of orthopaedic trauma | 2023 | Cichos KH, White PA, Bergin PF, Ghanem ES

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Each author certifies that he or she (or their immediate family) has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, and patent/licensing arrangements) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. 13. J Orthop Traumatol. 2022 May 10;23(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s...

Analysis of therapeutic effect of high focused extracorporeal shock wave comprehensive therapy on femoral head bone marrow edema syndrome

Journal of Regenerative Science | 2023 | Ruimeng Duan, Leilei Zhang, Haonan Ling, Jie Guan

Purpose: This study explored the clinical therapeutic effect of high-focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (HF-ESWT) combined with exercise rehabilitation and drug therapy on femoral head bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES). Materials and Methods: This study systematically reviewed and analyzed the clinical data of 43 patients with femoral head bone marrow edema who were trea...

[Pipkin fractures].

Der Unfallchirurg | 2022 | Lehmann W, Spering C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024 Oct;144(10):4601-4614. doi: 10.1007/s00402-024-05576-z. Epub 2024 Sep 30. Pipkin fractures: fracture type-specific management. Gänsslen A(1)(2), Lindtner RA(3), Krappinger D(3), Franke J(4). Author information: (1)Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. dr.gaensslen@gmx.de....

Pipkin fractures: epidemiology and outcome.

European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society | 2022 | Enocson A, Wolf O

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this study. 4. EFORT Open Rev. 2022 May 31;7(6):375-383. doi: 10.1530/EOR-22-0041. Dislocation fracture of the femoral head in adult. Chiron P(1), Reina N(1). Author information: (1)Orthopédie Traumatologie, Secteur A, Batiment riquet, étage 5, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse Ce...

Fracture of the femoral head.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons | 2007 | Droll KP, Broekhuyse H, O'Brien P

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 6. EFORT Open Rev. 2021 Nov 19;6(11):1122-1131. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210034. eCollection 2021 Nov. Fractures of the femoral head: a narrative review. Menger MM(1), Braun BJ(1), Herath SC(1), Küper MA(1), Rollmann MF(1), Histing T(1). Author information: (1)Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma C...

Fracture line distribution in femoral head fractures: a complement to Pipkin, Brumback, and AO/OTA classifications.

La Radiologia medica | 2022 | Wu S, Li R, Wang W, Zhang Y

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 8. Injury. 2009 Dec;40(12):1245-51. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2009.10.024. Epub 2009 Nov 7. Management, complications and clinical results of femoral head fractures. Giannoudis PV(1), Kontakis G, Christoforakis Z, Akula M, Tosounidis T, Koutras C. Author information: (1)Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clar...

Management of femoral head fracture by Ganz surgical dislocation of the hip.

Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology | 2022 | Hosny H, Mousa S, Salama W

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interest. 14. Biomed J. 2020 Oct;43(5):451-457. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.08.004. Epub 2020 Sep 30. Surgical treatment of femoral head fractures. Peng SH(1), Wu CC(2), Yu YH(1), Lee PC(1), Chou YC(1), Yeh WL(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung M...

[Characteristics and clinical significance of irreducible Pipkin type Ⅰ and Ⅱ femoral head fracture-dislocations].

Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery | 2022 | Wang H, Ji Z, Zhou Z, Song X

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: 利益冲突　所有作者声明，在课题研究和文章撰写方面不存在利益冲突 17. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Dec;96(50):e9214. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000009214. Pipkin type III femoral head fracture-dislocation combined with complicated acetabular fracture: A rare case report and literature review. Zhao B(1), Li H, Yan J, Han LR, Yang XF....

Pipkin type III femoral head fracture-dislocation combined with complicated acetabular fracture: A rare case report and literature review.

Medicine | 2017 | Zhao B, Li H, Yan J, Han LR

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. 18. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 28;101(4):e28773. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028773. Case report of a delayed iatrogenic Pipkin type III femoral head fracture-dislocation. Li QW(1), Zhou CS, Li YP. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital...

Efficacy of direct anterior approach combined with direct posterior approach in Pipkin IV femoral head fractures

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | 2022 | Bo Liu, Binghao Zhao, Qingsong Zhang

Abstract Objective The study aimed to explore the efficacy of direct anterior approach combined with direct posterior approach in Pipkin IV femoral head fractures. Methods The study enrolled 64 patients with Pipkin IV femoral head fractures who were treated at our hospital between March 2019 and April 2020. They were assigned to the control group and the study group using the r...

The Significance of Evaluating the Femoral Head Blood Supply after Femoral Neck Fracture: A New Classification for Femoral Neck Fractures

Orthopaedic Surgery | 2022 | Dewei Zhao, Zihua Wang, Liangliang Cheng, Simiao Tian

AbstractObjectiveTo compare a new classification with the Garden classification by exploring their relationships with vascular injury.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 73 patients with subcapital femoral neck fracture from July 2015 to November 2018, including 32 males and 41 females with an average age of 47.2 years. All patients were classified by the Garden classifica...

Surgical treatment of femoral head fractures.

Biomedical journal | 2020 | Peng SH, Wu CC, Yu YH, Lee PC

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 15. J Orthop Traumatol. 2017 Sep;18(3):235-241. doi: 10.1007/s10195-017-0445-z. Epub 2017 Feb 10. Management and radiographic outcomes of femoral head fractures. Scolaro JA(1), Marecek G(2), Firoozabadi R(3), Krieg JC(4), Routt MLC(5). Author information: (1)University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 29A, Pavilion III, 2nd Floor,...

Classifications in Brief: The Pipkin Classification of Femoral Head Fractures

Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research | 2018 | Nicholas M. Romeo, Reza Firoozabadi

Management and radiographic outcomes of femoral head fractures.

Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology | 2017 | Scolaro JA, Marecek G, Firoozabadi R, Krieg JC

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors report no conflicts of interest; no intra- or extra- mural funding has been used in the preparation of this manuscript. The authors, their immediate family, and any research foundation with which they are affiliated did not receive any financial payments or other benefits from any commercial...

Femoral head fracture (Pipkin type II)

Radiopaedia.org | 2017 | Varun Babu

Clinical and radiographic outcomes of femoral head fractures: excision vs. fixation of fragment in Pipkin type I: what is the optimal choice for femoral head fracture?

Journal of Orthopaedic Science | 2015 | Kyung-Soon Park, Keun-Bae Lee, Bo-Ram Na, Taek-Rim Yoon

Pipkin classification of femoral head fractures

Radiopaedia.org | 2014 | Patsy Robertson, Leonardo Lustosa, Francis Deng

Pipkin fracture of femoral head - type I

Radiopaedia.org | 2014 | Jack Ren

[Treatment of Pipkin fractures].

Der Orthopade | 1997 | Nast-Kolb D, Ruchholtz S, Schweiberer L

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 11. Radiographics. 2015 Sep-Oct;35(5):1563-84. doi: 10.1148/rg.2015140301. Epub 2015 Jul 17. Proximal Femoral Fractures: What the Orthopedic Surgeon Wants to Know. Sheehan SE(1), Shyu JY(1), Weaver MJ(1), Sodickson AD(1), Khurana B(1). Author information: (1)From the Department of Radiology, Division of Emergency Radiology (S.E.S., J.Y.S., A.D.S., B.K.), a...

Arthroscopic Treatment of Pipkin Type I Femoral Head Fractures

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 2012 | Todd Lansford, Stephen W. Munns

The Treatment of Femoral Head Deformity and Coxa Magna by the Ganz Femoral Head Reduction Osteotomy

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 2011 | Dror Paley

Biomechanical consequences of excision of displaced Pipkin femoral head fractures

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 2000 | William J. Holmes, Brian Solberg, Brian K. Bay, Justin E. Laubach

Operative Management of Displaced Femoral Head Fractures

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 1992 | M. F. Swiontkowski, M. Thorpe, J. G. Seiler, S. T. Hansen