Menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures aiding load transmission, stability, and lubrication. Types: longitudinal, horizontal, radial, flap, bucket handle, complex. Clinical: joint line tenderness, locking, McMurray/Apley tests positive. Imaging: MRI is gold standard (sensitivity >90%). Treatment: preserve meniscus if possible; repair (inside-out, outside-in, all-inside) or partial meniscectomy.
