Symptomatic nonunion: pain, cosmetic deformity, scapular dyskinesis, and weakness. Standard treatment: compression plating + autogenous iliac crest bone graft for atrophic nonunion. Superior vs anteroinferior plating—each has pros/cons (biomechanics vs soft‑tissue irritation). Segmental defects >3 cm or failed revisions may need vascularized graft (fibula). Smoking cessation and vitamin D optimization improve union.
What is the most common type of clavicle nonunion?
Which of the following factors increases the risk of clavicle nonunion?
In the case of atrophic nonunion of the clavicle, what is the standard surgical treatment?
What is the typical nonunion rate for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures treated non-operatively?
Which surgical approach is generally preferred for clavicle nonunion due to its biomechanical stability?
What is the role of vascularized grafts in the management of clavicle nonunion?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of clavicle nonunion?
What is the primary reason for adding bone grafting in hypertrophic nonunion cases?
Which vitamin is crucial for optimizing bone healing in clavicle nonunion?
What is the main biomechanical benefit of using plate fixation for clavicle nonunion?
