Hallux Rigidus: Relevant Anatomy and Pathophysiology.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 16. Foot Ankle Clin. 2024 Sep;29(3):405-415. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2023.09.010. Epub 2023 Nov 1. Hallux Rigidus: Update on Conservative Management. Acker AS(1), Mendes de Carvalho KA(2), Hanselman AE(2). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research Scholar, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Centre of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Clinique La Colline, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: antoine.acker@duke.edu. (2)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research Scholar, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Hallux rigidus is a degenerative arthritic condition affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Prevalence in patients aged 50 years and above is estimated at 20% to 30%, with a portion being symptomatic. Conservative treatment's efficacy is linked to initial pain levels; though shoe modifications and insoles are commonly recommended, their true effectiveness lacks strong evidence. Injection therapy, including corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid, demonstrates varied outcomes, with about 50% of patients undergoing surgery within 1 to 2 years. The condition's etiology remains elusive, but recent biomechanical hypotheses hold promise. Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2023.09.010