Acute Shoulder Injuries in Adults.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. Injury. 2021 Jun;52 Suppl 2:S3-S11. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.029. Epub 2020 Nov 11. Fracture nonunion in long bones: A literature review of risk factors and surgical management. Nicholson JA(1), Makaram N(2), Simpson A(3), Keating JF(3). Author information: (1)Specialist Trainee Trauma and Orthopaedic. Electronic address: jamie.nicholson@ed.ac.uk. (2)Specialist Trainee Trauma and Orthopaedic. (3)Orthopaedic Consultant. Nonunion following a long bone fracture causes considerable morbidity when it occurs. Risk factors depend on specific fractures but there is a complex interplay of injury severity, comorbidities, patient medication and infection. The majority of nonunions occur after long bone fractures with the tibia, femur, forearm, humerus and clavicle predominating. Despite interest in the biological augmentation of fracture healing, the majority of nonunions can be effectively managed with conventional surgical techniques. In this review we present a review of risk factors for nonunion and the outcome following surgical management. Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.029