HMGB1 orchestrates tumor-osteoclast crosstalk to drive bone metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai East Hospital (No.2022250). All procedures involving human participants adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and informed consent was obtained from all patients, the animal procedures in this study were approved by the Ethical Committee for Animal Research of Tongji University (Shanghai, China). 17. Curr Oncol. 2024 Feb 5;31(2):900-917. doi: 10.3390/curroncol31020067. Biopsy Techniques for Musculoskeletal Tumors: Basic Principles and Specialized Techniques. Mavrogenis AF(1), Altsitzioglou P(1), Tsukamoto S(2), Errani C(3). Author information: (1)First Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini, 157 72 Athens, Greece. (2)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan. (3)Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy. Biopsy is a pivotal component in the diagnostic process of bone and soft tissue tumors. The objective is to obtain adequate tissue without compromising local tumor dissemination and the patient's survival. This review explores contemporary principles and practices in musculoskeletal biopsies, emphasizing the critical role of diagnostic accuracy while also delving into the evolving landscape of liquid biopsies as a promising alternative in the field. A thorough literature search was done in PubMed and Google Scholar as well as in physical books in libraries to summarize the available biopsy techniques for musculoskeletal tumors, discuss the available methods, risk factors, and complications, and to emphasize the challenges related to biopsies in oncology. Research articles that studied the basic principles and specialized techniques of biopsy techniques in tumor patients were deemed eligible. Their advantages and disadvantages, technical and pathophysiological mechanisms, and possible risks and complications were reviewed, summarized, and discussed. An inadequately executed biopsy may hinder diagnosis and subsequently impact treatment outcomes. All lesions should be approached with a presumption of malignancy until proven otherwise. Liquid biopsies have emerged as a potent non-invasive tool for analyzing tumor phenotype, progression, and drug resistance and guiding treatment decisions in bone sarcomas and metastases. Despite advancements, several barriers remain in biopsies, including challenges related to costs, scalability, reproducibility, and isolation methods. It is paramount that orthopedic oncologists work together with radiologists and pathologists to enhance diagnosis, patient outcomes, and healthcare costs. DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31020067 PMCID: PMC10888002