Evidence Search

Management of first-time patellar dislocation: The ESSKA 2024 formal consensus-Part 2.

Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA | 2025 | Balcarek P, Blønd L, Beaufils P, Askenberger M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Peter Balcarek reports consulting for Arthrex. Philippe Beaufils serves as the ESSKA Consensus Projects Advisor. Florian Dirisamer reports consulting for Arthrex and receives royalties from Arthrex Inc. Rene El Attal reports consulting for Arthrex, DepuySynthes and ZimmerBiomet. Geert Pagenstert reports consulting for DepuyS...

Hardware-free MPFL reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability is safe and effective.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research | 2022 | Marín Fermín T, Migliorini F, Kalifis G, Zikria BA

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. 8. Ann Jt. 2022 Jan 15;7:2. doi: 10.21037/aoj-2020-02. eCollection 2022. Evaluation and management of patellar instability. Dennis ER(1), Gruber S(1), Marmor WA(1), Shubin Stein BE(1). Author information: (1)The Patellofemoral Center, Department of Orthopedic Surge...

Conservative Versus Surgical Treatment for Primary Patellar Dislocation.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international | 2020 | Frings J, Balcarek P, Tscholl P, Liebensteiner M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025 Dec;33(12):4197-4206. doi: 10.1002/ksa.12637. Epub 2025 Mar 7. Management of first-time patellar dislocation: The ESSKA 2024 formal consensus-Part 2. Balcarek P(1), Blønd L(2), Beaufils P(3), Askenberger M(4), Stephen JM(5), Akmeşe R(6), El Attal R(7), Chouliaras V(8), Ferrua P(9), Minguell Monart J(10), Pagenst...

Patellar fixation graft via suture anchors versus tunnel techniques during isolated MPFL reconstruction for recurrent patellofemoral instability: a systematic review of the literature.

Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery | 2020 | Migliorini F, Driessen A, Quack V, Schenker H

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. 20. J Biomech Eng. 2023 Apr 1;145(4):041003. doi: 10.1115/1.4055886. Anatomical Characteristics Contributing to Patellar Dislocations Following MPFL Reconstruction: A Dynamic Simulation Study. Watts JC(1), Farrow LD(2), Elias JJ(3). Author information: (1)Departmen...

Is fascia lata a viable graft for MPFL reconstruction? An overview of surgical technique and scoping literature review.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) | 2024 | Zachariou D, Karampinas P, Varsamos I, Galanis A

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. 13. Pediatr Radiol. 2016 May;46(5):618-36. doi: 10.1007/s00247-015-3520-8. Epub 2016 Feb 9. Imaging assessment of patellar instability and its treatment in children and adolescents. Meyers AB(1...

Patellar Dislocation: Workup and Decision-Making.

Cureus | 2023 | Samelis PV, Koulouvaris P, Savvidou O, Mavrogenis A

Conflict of interest statement: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 7. J Orthop Surg Res. 2022 Feb 22;17(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s13018-022-03008-5. Hardware-free MPFL reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability is safe and effective. Marín Fermín T(1), Migliorini F(2), Kalifis G(3), Zikria BA(1), D'Hooghe P(1), Al-Khelaifi K(1), P...

Patellofemoral Instability in the Pediatric Population.

Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine | 2023 | Vivekanantha P, Cohen D, Peterson D, de Sa D

Conflict of interest statement: Prushoth Vivekanantha declares that he has no conflict of interest. Dr. Dan Cohen declares that he has no conflicts of interest. Dr. Devin Peterson declares that he has no conflicts of interest. Dr. Darren de SA is an advisory board member for Heron Therapeutics, a consultant for L.E.K Consulting, Atheneum Partners, and Stryker. He is a speaker f...

MPFL Repair Versus Rehabilitation After Acute First-Time Patellar Dislocation: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

Journal of ISAKOS | 2023

Evaluation and management of patellar instability.

Annals of joint | 2022 | Dennis ER, Gruber S, Marmor WA, Shubin Stein BE

Conflict of interest statement: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/aoj-2020-02). The series “Sports Related Injuries of the Female Athlete” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. BESS reports personal fees from Arthrex, outside the submitted work. In a...

Return to Play Considerations After Patellar Instability.

Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine | 2022 | Lampros RE, Tanaka MJ

Conflict of interest statement: The authors did not receive any funding or grants in support of the research for or preparation of this work. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 18. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Feb 11;23(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05013-5. Lateral release associated with MPFL reconstruction in patients with acute patellar dislocation. Kheir N(#)...

Diagnostic Imaging of Patellofemoral Instability.

RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin | 2021 | Maas KJ, Warncke ML, Leiderer M, Krause M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. 12. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2024 Nov 14;86(12):7299-7304. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002731. eCollection 2024 Dec. Is fascia lata a viable graft for MPFL reconstruction? An overview of surgical technique and scoping literature review. Zachariou D(1), Karampinas P(1), V...

Comparing Nonoperative Treatment, MPFL Repair, and MPFL Reconstruction for Patients With Patellar Dislocation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2021 | Zhongcheng Liu, Qiong Yi, Liangzhi He, Changjiang Yao

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, MPFL repair, and nonoperative treatment are important treatments for patients with patellar dislocation. However, it is unclear which treatment leads to better outcomes. Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of the 3 treatments in the treatment of patellar dislocation and compare the effect of MPFL recons...

Rehabilitation After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction.

Sports medicine and arthroscopy review | 2017 | McGee TG, Cosgarea AJ, McLaughlin K, Tanaka M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020 Apr 17;117(16):279-286. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0279. Conservative Versus Surgical Treatment for Primary Patellar Dislocation. Frings J(1), Balcarek P, Tscholl P, Liebensteiner M, Dirisamer F, Koenen P. Author information: (1)Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hambur...

Adolescent patellar instability: current concepts review.

The bone & joint journal | 2017 | Clark D, Metcalfe A, Wogan C, Mandalia V

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 15. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2012 Sep;20(3):128-35. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0b013e318256bbe5. First-time patellar dislocation: surgery or conservative treatment? Sillanpää PJ(1), Mäenpää HM. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. Primary patellar dislocation injures the medial patellofemoral ligame...

Imaging assessment of patellar instability and its treatment in children and adolescents.

Pediatric radiology | 2016 | Meyers AB, Laor T, Sharafinski M, Zbojniewicz AM

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 14. Bone Joint J. 2017 Feb;99-B(2):159-170. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.99B2.BJJ-2016-0256.R1. Adolescent patellar instability: current concepts review. Clark D(1), Metcalfe A(2), Wogan C(3), Mandalia V(4), Eldridge J(3). Author information: (1)Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29 St NW, Calgary AB T2N 2T9, Canada. (2)University of Warwick, Clinical Trials Unit, C...

Acute traumatic patellar dislocation.

Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR | 2015 | Duthon VB

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2017 Jun;25(2):105-113. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000147. Rehabilitation After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction. McGee TG(1), Cosgarea AJ, McLaughlin K, Tanaka M, Johnson K. Author information: (1)Departments of *Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation †Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD....

MPFL reconstruction: technique and results.

Clinics in sports medicine | 2014 | Reagan J, Kullar R, Burks R

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 10. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2023 Jul;16(7):255-262. doi: 10.1007/s12178-023-09836-0. Epub 2023 Apr 18. Patellofemoral Instability in the Pediatric Population. Vivekanantha P(1), Cohen D(2), Peterson D(2), de Sa D(2). Author information: (1)Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, Canada. prushoth.vivek...

First-time patellar dislocation: surgery or conservative treatment?

Sports medicine and arthroscopy review | 2012 | Sillanpää PJ, Mäenpää HM

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 16. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2023 Dec;109(8):103515. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103515. Epub 2022 Dec 14. Patellar dislocation recurrence after pediatric MPFL reconstruction: Bone tunnels and soft tissues versus suture anchors and interference screw. Zampieri A(1), Girardin C(2), Hocquet B(3), Coursier R(4), Fournier A(5), Martin C(6), Nectoux E(2), Canave...

Patellar Instability.

Journal unavailable | 2026 | Wolfe S, Varacallo MA, Thomas JD, Carroll JJ

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Steve Wolfe declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Matthew Varacallo declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Joshua Thomas declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Jeffrey Carroll declares no relevant fin...

Outcomes of a Combined Procedure of Tibial Tubercle Proximalization, MPFL Reconstruction and Extensive Lateral Release for Revision Treatment of Habitual Patellar Dislocation in Flexion in Skeletally Mature Patients

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2025 | Zhijun Zhang, Daofeng Wang, Xuesong Wang, Hui Zhang

Background: Habitual patellar dislocation in flexion (HPD-F) is a rare condition in skeletally mature patients. Current literature reports that tibial tubercle proximalization has achieved favorable clinical outcomes for such patients. However, there are no studies to date reporting the clinical outcomes of revision surgery for skeletally mature HPD-F patients after failure of...

Patellar dislocation recurrence after pediatric MPFL reconstruction: Bone tunnels and soft tissues versus suture anchors and interference screw.

Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR | 2023 | Zampieri A, Girardin C, Hocquet B, Coursier R

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 17. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2022 Dec;15(6):597-605. doi: 10.1007/s12178-022-09792-1. Epub 2022 Nov 11. Return to Play Considerations After Patellar Instability. Lampros RE(1), Tanaka MJ(2). Author information: (1)Sports Physical Therapy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. (2)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospita...

Anatomical Characteristics Contributing to Patellar Dislocations Following MPFL Reconstruction: A Dynamic Simulation Study.

Journal of biomechanical engineering | 2023 | Watts JC, Farrow LD, Elias JJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE]

MPFL Behavior in Traction Tests after Width Equalization of Patellar and Femoral Insertions

Journal of Orthopedic Research and Therapy | 2023

Stellenwert des MPFL-Bracings in der operativen Therapie der Patellaluxation

Arthroskopie | 2023 | Peter Balcarek, Felix Zimmermann

Lateral release associated with MPFL reconstruction in patients with acute patellar dislocation.

BMC musculoskeletal disorders | 2022 | Kheir N, Salvatore G, Berton A, Orsi A

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests. The authors declare that they have no competing interests with this work. 19. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2020 Sep;140(9):1201-1210. doi: 10.1007/s00402-020-03420-8. Epub 2020 Apr 21. Patellar fixation graft via suture anchors versus tunnel techniques during isolated MPFL reconstructi...

INCIDENCE OF 2nd SURGERY AFTER MPFL RECONSTRUCTION AND SIMULTANEOUS OSTEOCHONDRAL FRACTURE FIXATION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS TREATED FOR PATELLAR DISLOCATION

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2020 | Lindsay M. Schlichte, Alexandra H. Aitchison, Daniel W. Green

Background: Osteochondral fractures occur in 5-15% of cases of acute or recurrent patellar dislocations. In these settings, early surgical intervention with biodegradable fixation nails is recommended to optimize healing. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of recurrent instability and second surgery following osteochondral fracture fixation with c...

Short Oblique Patellar Tunnels for Patellar Fixation Do Not Increase Fracture Risk in MPFL Reconstruction: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2020 | Milos Lesevic, Matthew Deasey, Zachary Burnett, David Diduch

Objectives: The current standard of care for recurrent patellar instability is reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), the primary soft tissue constraint to lateral subluxation of the patella. Historically, transpatellar bone tunnels have been associated with increased rates of patella fracture. To avoid this dreaded outcome, many surgeons now employ suture...

Patellar Dislocation

Essential Orthopedic Review | 2018 | Steven F. DeFroda

Patellar Dislocation

The Orthopedic Consult Survival Guide | 2017 | Jonathan D. Hodax

MPFL Repair for Acute Patella Dislocation

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2016 | Steven Lawrie, James Welsh

Objectives: To report on the findings of a single surgeon series of MPFL(medial patello-femoral ligament) repair in the treatment of first time patella dislocation. Methods: 47 patients with 49 MPFL repairs for first time patella dislocation have been reviewed. All patients had pre-operative x-ray and MRI to define pathology, site of MPFL injury, presence of loose body/bodies,...

Traumatic Patellar Dislocation

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics | 2012 | Ross Baxter Willis, Gregory Firth

MPFL and ACL tears with patellar lateralisation

Radiopaedia.org | 2012 | Sajoscha Sorrentino

Traumatic Patellar Dislocation

The American Journal of Sports Medicine | 2012 | Alexandre Carneiro Bitar, Marco Kawamura Demange, Caio Oliveira D’Elia, Gilberto Luis Camanho

Background: Over the long term, acute patellar dislocations can result in patellar instability, with high recurrence rates after nonoperative treatment. Purpose: To compare the results of operative (reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament [MPFL]) versus nonoperative treatment of primary patellar dislocation. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evide...

The Management of Recurrent Patellar Dislocation

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 2008 | Jack Andrish

Tibiofemoral rotation after isolated MPFL reconstruction in recurrent patellar dislocation with elevated TT–TG distance

Journal unavailable | QingLyu Shi, RunZe Li, Hua Li, LiChao Zhang

Abstract Background This study aimed to retrospectively present the radiologic outcomes in a cohort with recurrent patella dislocation (RPD) who have an elevated tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance (> 20 mm) following isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (i-MPFL-R), and to exhibit the tibiofemoral rotation in RPD patients. Methods RPD patients wi...