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Evidence Search

Search reputable indexed orthopaedic literature from multiple scholarly sources, classify the evidence, and link papers directly to wiki topics and cases.

Sources: PubMed, Europe PMC, Crossref

Linking results to Wiki: Gustilo–Anderson — Open Fractures
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Results are classified automatically from source metadata across PubMed, Europe PMC, and Crossref.
PubMed Crossref
PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Prevalence and influencing factors of nonunion in patients with tibial fracture: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research | 2020 | Tian R, Zheng F, Zhao W, Zhang Y

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 3. Pilon Fracture. Luo TD, Pilson H(1). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. 2023 Aug 8. Author information: (1)Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center “Pilon,” the French word for pestle, was first used by Etienne Destot in 1...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Cohort / Comparative Study Evidence Moderate

Higher Reoperation Rates in Planned, Staged Treatment of Open Fractures Compared with Fix-and-Close: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume | 2025 | Jang Y, Natoli RM, Della Rocca GJ, Zura RD

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: The Aqueous-PREP trial was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-17-1-070), a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Foundation Grant, McMaster University Surgical Associates, and the PSI (Physicians’ Services Incorporated) Foundation. The PREPARE trial was funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Resea...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

A Scoping Review on the Management of Open Fractures in African Trauma and Orthopaedics Centres.

Cureus | 2024 | Zubair AA, Abdullateef R, Davis S, Olaniyi A

Conflict of interest statement: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at presen...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Type III Gustilo-Anderson open fracture does not justify routine prophylactic Gram-negative antibiotic coverage.

Scientific reports | 2023 | Suzuki T, Inui T, Sakai M, Ishii K

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests. 19. Cureus. 2024 Sep 8;16(9):e68925. doi: 10.7759/cureus.68925. eCollection 2024 Sep. A Scoping Review on the Management of Open Fractures in African Trauma and Orthopaedics Centres. Zubair AA(1), Abdullateef R(2), Davis S(3), Olaniyi A(4), Joshua I(2), Emma-Nwachukwu M(2), Jessie...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

IDCRP Combat-Related Extremity Wound Infection Research.

Military medicine | 2022 | Petfield JL, Lewandowski LR, Stewart L, Murray CK

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 6. J Hand Surg Am. 2020 Jun;45(6):523-527. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.02.007. Epub 2020 Apr 4. The Management of Pediatric Open Forearm Fractures. Elia G(1), Blood T(2), Got C(2). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Providence, RI; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI. Electronic address: Gregory_elia@brown.e...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The 50 Most Cited Papers Concerning Open Fractures.

Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances | 2022 | Allegra PR, Yakkanti RR, Greif DN, Desai SS

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 14. Radiographics. 2022 Mar-Apr;42(2):E50-E67. doi: 10.1148/rg.210092. Roles of Trauma CT and CTA in Salvaging the Threatened or Mangled Extremity. Dreizin D(1), Smith EB(1), Champ K(1), Morrison JJ(1). Author information: (1)From the Division of Trauma and Emergency Radiology (D.D., E.B.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D.D., E...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Roles of Trauma CT and CTA in Salvaging the Threatened or Mangled Extremity.

Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc | 2022 | Dreizin D, Smith EB, Champ K, Morrison JJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 15. Injury. 2016 Feb;47(2):495-501. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.10.023. Epub 2015 Oct 20. Suprapatellar nailing of tibial fractures-Indications and technique. Franke J(1), Hohendorff B(2), Alt V(3), Thormann U(3), Schnettler R(4). Author information: (1)Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Elbe Klinikum Stade, Bremervörder Strasse 111, 21682 Stade,...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Open Fractures: Evidence, Evolving Issues, and Recommendations.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons | 2020 | Garner MR, Sethuraman SA, Schade MA, Boateng H

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020 Sep 3;15(1):377. doi: 10.1186/s13018-020-01904-2. Prevalence and influencing factors of nonunion in patients with tibial fracture: systematic review and meta-analysis. Tian R(1), Zheng F(1)(2), Zhao W(1)(3), Zhang Y(4), Yuan J(4), Zhang B(1), Li L(5). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedics, No.1 Hospital of China Medic...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The Management of Pediatric Open Forearm Fractures.

The Journal of hand surgery | 2020 | Elia G, Blood T, Got C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. Injury. 2022 Jun;53(6):2274-2280. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.03.047. Epub 2022 Mar 25. Open ankle fractures: Factors influencing unplanned reoperation. Jaibaji M(1), Sohatee M(2), Watkins C(3), Qasim S(3), Fearon P(3). Author information: (1)Health Education England North East, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jaibajimonketh@gmai...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Prevention of infection in open fractures: Where are the pendulums now?

Injury | 2020 | Rupp M, Popp D, Alt V

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 12. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2025 Jun 18;107(Suppl 1):51-59. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.24.01223. Higher Reoperation Rates in Planned, Staged Treatment of Open Fractures Compared with Fix-and-Close: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Jang Y(1), Natoli RM(1), Della Rocca GJ(2), Zura RD(3), Phelps KD(4), Potter GD(5), Scolaro JA(6), Gage MJ(7), Saiz AM Jr(8), O'Hara N...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Open pelvic fracture: the killing fracture?

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research | 2018 | Hermans E, Edwards MJR, Goslings JC, Biert J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: The abovementioned study was reviewed by the medical ethical committee of the Radboudumc and did not fall within the remit of the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springe...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Suprapatellar nailing of tibial fractures-Indications and technique.

Injury | 2016 | Franke J, Hohendorff B, Alt V, Thormann U

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 16. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2019 Jan;58(1):103-108. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2018.08.020. Epub 2018 Nov 15. Open Talus Fractures: Early Infection and Its Epidemiological Characteristics. Liu X(1), Zhang H(2), Liu L(1), Fang Y(1), Huang F(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. (2)Department...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Pilon Fracture.

Journal unavailable | 2026 | Luo TD, Pilson H

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: T David Luo declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Holly Pilson declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 4. J Orthop Surg Res. 2018 Apr 13;13(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0793-2. Open pelvic fracture: the killing fracture? Hermans E(1), Edwards MJR(2), Gosli...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Infection and Nonunion Rates in Open Fractures: Description of 6,042 Fractures from the FLOW and PREP-IT Trials.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume | 2025 | Natoli RM, Marchand LS, Bzovsky S, Hagen JE

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: The Aqueous-PREP study was funded by the US Department of Defense (W81XWH-17-1-070), a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Foundation Grant, McMaster University Surgical Associates, and the PSI (Physicians’ Services Incorporated) Foundation. The PREPARE trial was funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Researc...

Open In Orthonotes
Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Adjuvant local antibiotic prophylaxis in Gustilo–Anderson IIIb open fractures: up to 10 years follow-up on clinical outcomes and complications

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | 2025 | Eito Asano, Hossai Hemat, Abdullah Bin Sahl, Anand Pillai

Abstract Background High-grade open fractures carry a significant risk of osteomyelitis, despite advancements in surgical techniques and treatment protocols. The use of prophylactic, adjuvant local antibiotics is controversially discussed in the literature. CERAMENT®G (BONESUPPORT™) is a novel synthetic bone substitute that effectively elutes gentamicin. This report presents th...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Treatment preferences and current practices regarding open tibial shaft fractures.

Frontiers in public health | 2024 | Qian S, Shen Y, Sun L, Wang Z

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. 11. Injury. 2020 May;51 Suppl 2:S57-S63. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.10.074. Epub 2019 Oct 25. Prevention of infection in open fractures: Where are the pe...

Open In Orthonotes
Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Does the OTA Open Fracture Classification Align With the Gustilo–Anderson Classification? A Study of 2215 Open Fractures

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 2024 | Murali Kovvur, Kristin E. Turner, Joshua E. Lawrence, Robert V. O'Toole

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Open Fracture Classification (OTA-OFC) and Gustilo–Anderson classification of open extremity fractures and determine if there is meaningful alignment between these grading systems. METHODS: Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Level I academic trauma center. Patient Selection Criteria: Adult patients with at...

Open In Orthonotes
Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

External fixation followed by cast immobilization in the management of gustilo-anderson iiia and iiib open tibial fractures

East African Orthopaedic Journal | 2024 | I.N. Nze, C.U. Ndukwu, A.V. Mbanuzuru, H.O. Obiegbu

Background: The ideal method for definitive management of open tibia fractures has been a subject of debate. Several techniques have been tried with mixed results. Objectives: To describe and present our experience using external fixator interrupted by cast immobilization in the management of  Gustillo-Anderson IIIA and IIIB open tibia fractures guided by the radiographic union...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Open ankle fractures: Factors influencing unplanned reoperation.

Injury | 2022 | Jaibaji M, Sohatee M, Watkins C, Qasim S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest None. 8. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2025 Nov 19;107(22):2541-2553. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.24.01055. Epub 2025 Nov 19. Infection and Nonunion Rates in Open Fractures: Description of 6,042 Fractures from the FLOW and PREP-IT Trials. Natoli RM(1), Marchand LS(2), Bzovsky S(3), Hagen JE(4), Gage MJ(5), St...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Increased open fracture complications following pediatric all-terrain vehicle accidents.

Injury | 2022 | Torrez TW, Hicks J, Bonner V, Seidenstein AH

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest Timothy W Torrez, James Hicks, Henry Bonner, Alexandra H Seidenstein, Ezan A Kothari, Gerald McGwin, and Shawn R Gilbert declare that they have no conflicts of interest. 18. Sci Rep. 2023 May 1;13(1):7085. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-34142-7. Type III Gustilo-Anderson open fracture does not just...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Open Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children.

Cureus | 2021 | Pan T, Widner MR, Chau MM, Hennrikus WL

Conflict of interest statement: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 10. Front Public Health. 2024 Jul 5;12:1331654. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1331654. eCollection 2024. Treatment preferences and current practices regarding open tibial shaft fractures. Qian S(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Shen Y(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Sun L(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Wang Z(1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Author informa...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Open Talus Fractures: Early Infection and Its Epidemiological Characteristics.

The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons | 2019 | Liu X, Zhang H, Liu L, Fang Y

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 17. Injury. 2022 Oct;53(10):3322-3325. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.08.023. Epub 2022 Aug 9. Increased open fracture complications following pediatric all-terrain vehicle accidents. Torrez TW(1), Hicks J(2), Bonner V(2), Seidenstein AH(2), McGwin G(2), Kothari E(2), Gilbert SR(3). Author information: (1)University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen Scho...

Open In Orthonotes