Application of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration.

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Abstract

6. Pediatr Radiol. 2019 Jun;49(7):954-964. doi: 10.1007/s00247-019-04401-9. Epub 2019 May 11. Magnetic resonance neurography of traumatic pediatric peripheral nerve injury: beyond birth-related brachial palsy. Deshmukh SD(1), Samet J(2), Fayad LM(3), Ahlawat S(3). Author information: (1)Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. Saint Clair St., Ste. 800, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. swati.deshmukh@northwestern.edu. (2)Department of Radiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. (3)Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Traumatic peripheral nerve injury occurs more frequently in the pediatric population than previously recognized. High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the form of MR neurography can serve as a powerful noninvasive tool for detecting and characterizing peripheral nerve injury in children. In this review article we briefly discuss optimal methods of MR neurography image acquisition, highlighting core MR sequences necessary to characterize peripheral nerve injury. In addition, we illustrate the MR neurography appearance of normal and abnormal peripheral nerves in children, with emphasis on commonly used Seddon and Sunderland classification schemes to characterize peripheral nerve injury severity. The primary and secondary features associated with peripheral nerve injury including skeletal muscle denervation are reviewed in addition to key distinctive features that can impact operative versus nonoperative management of children. We include a checklist approach to interpreting MR neurography for the assessment of peripheral nerve injury. DOI: 10.1007/s00247-019-04401-9