Ballistic peripheral nerve injuries: basic concepts, controversies, and proposal for a management strategy.

Journal and index pages often block iframe embedding. This reader keeps the evidence details in Orthonotes and leaves the source page one click away.

Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 5. Burns Trauma. 2020 Feb 27;8:tkaa002. doi: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa002. eCollection 2020. Application of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration. Yi S(1), Zhang Y(2), Gu X(1), Huang L(1), Zhang K(1), Qian T(1), Gu X(1). Author information: (1)Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China. (2)Nuclear Medicine Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Traumatic peripheral nerve injury is a worldwide clinical issue with high morbidity. The severity of peripheral nerve injury can be classified as neurapraxia, axonotmesis or neurotmesis, according to Seddon's classification, or five different degrees according to Sunderland's classification. Patients with neurotmesis suffer from a complete transection of peripheral nerve stumps and are often in need of surgical repair of nerve defects. The applications of autologous nerve grafts as the golden standard for peripheral nerve transplantation meet some difficulties, including donor nerve sacrifice and nerve mismatch. Attempts have been made to construct tissue-engineered nerve grafts as supplements or even substitutes for autologous nerve grafts to bridge peripheral nerve defects. The incorporation of stem cells as seed cells into the biomaterial-based scaffolds increases the effectiveness of tissue-engineered nerve grafts and largely boosts the regenerative process. Numerous stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose stem cells, skin-derived precursor stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have been used in neural tissue engineering. In the current review, recent trials of stem cell-based tissue-engineered nerve grafts have been summarized; potential concerns and perspectives of stem cell therapeutics have also been contemplated. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa002 PMCID: PMC7175760