Preclinical evaluation and pilot clinical study of [(68)Ga]Ga-THP-APN09, a novel PD-L1 targeted nanobody radiotracer for rapid one-step radiolabeling and PET imaging.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 20. Front Immunol. 2025 Apr 3;16:1554198. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1554198. eCollection 2025. Case Report: TAFRO syndrome misdiagnosed as liver cirrhosis due to persistent abdominal distension. Ma L(1), Gu R(1), Ma L(2), Li X(1), Yang L(3), Xie P(3), Xiao X(4), Gao F(4), Liu F(1), Shen C(1), Zhao C(1). Author information: (1)Department of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China. (2)College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China. (3)Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China. (4)Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China. This report described a male patient presenting with recurrent fever, fatigue, persistent abdominal distension, and diarrhea, who was repeatedly misdiagnosed with decompensated cirrhosis at multiple hospitals. The diagnostic process was complex, ultimately leading to the diagnosis of TAFRO syndrome through lymph node and bone marrow biopsies, following 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. The patient initially responded to treatment, while later succumbed to severe intra-abdominal infection and multiple organ failure. TAFRO syndrome, a rare subtype of Castleman disease, is frequently misdiagnosed due to limited clinical awareness, delaying appropriate treatment. This case highlighted the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic considerations associated with TAFRO syndrome, providing insights for clinical practice based on the existing research. Copyright © 2025 Ma, Gu, Ma, Li, Yang, Xie, Xiao, Gao, Liu, Shen and Zhao. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1554198 PMCID: PMC12003103