Robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty: an evolution in progress. A concise review of the available systems and the data supporting them.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 15. J Robot Surg. 2025 Dec 15;20(1):88. doi: 10.1007/s11701-025-03027-4. Applications of robotic technology in orthopaedic surgery: A technology review. Levy HA(1)(2), Weber SC(3), Wyles CC(4). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. levy.hannah@mayo.edu. (2)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA. levy.hannah@mayo.edu. (3)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. (4)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Over the past half decade, there has been increased utilization of robotic-assisted surgery within orthopaedics reflecting improvements in platform ease of use, technology capacity, and performance reproducibility. Currently, total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), and spinal fusion, are reflective of the orthopedic surgeries with most common robotic utilization. The principal potential benefits of robotic technology incorporation compared to standard manual approaches in these procedures include reduction of surgeon physiologic stress, decreased invasiveness, mitigation of poor performance outliers, increased precision and accuracy of implant component positioning, and superior restoration of postoperative mechanical alignment. However, there is a general lack of consensus regarding the effect of orthopaedic robotic technology on perioperative and long-term outcomes, complications, and cost efficacy. This review aims to focus on the current state of evidence regarding the safety, intraoperative efficiency, short- and long-term postoperative outcomes, cost efficacy, and regulatory environment of robotic-assisted orthopaedic surgery in THA, TKA, UKA, and spinal fusion. DOI: 10.1007/s11701-025-03027-4