The Development of Rickets in Children and Nursing Contributions to Treatment.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 17. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2019 Oct;17(5):324-332. doi: 10.1007/s11914-019-00529-7. When Low Bone Mineral Density and Fractures Is Not Osteoporosis. Jha S(1)(2), Chapman M(3), Roszko K(4). Author information: (1)Clinical and Investigative Orthopedics Surgery Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. smita.jha@nih.gov. (2)Section on Congenital Disorders, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10-CRC, Room 1-5362, MSC-1504, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. smita.jha@nih.gov. (3)National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. (4)National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the differential diagnosis of low bone mineral density (BMD). RECENT FINDINGS: Osteoporosis is the most common cause of low BMD in adults; however, non-osteoporotic causes of low BMD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with low BMD. Mild osteogenesis imperfecta, osteomalacia, and mineral and bone disorder of chronic kidney disease as well as several other rare diseases can be characterized by low BMD. This review summarizes the differential diagnosis of low BMD. It is important to differentiate osteoporosis from other causes of low BMD since treatment regimens can vary tremendously between these different disease processes. In fact, some treatments for osteoporosis could worsen or exacerbate the mineral abnormalities in other causes of low BMD. DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00529-7 PMCID: PMC6819255