Posterior cruciate ligament injuries: evaluation and management.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 11. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2022 May-Jun 01;37(3):E157-E164. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000698. Epub 2021 Jun 15. Perceived Injustice After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Mäki K(1), Nybo T, Hietanen M, Huovinen A, Marinkovic I, Isokuortti H, Melkas S. Author information: (1)Neuropsychology (Ms Mäki and Drs Nybo and Hietanen) and Neurology (Drs Huovinen, Marinkovic, Isokuortti, and Melkas), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. OBJECTIVE: To examine perceived injustice and its associations with self-reported symptoms and return to work at 3 months after injury in a prospectively recruited sample of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: TBI outpatient unit. PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients aged 18 to 68 years with mTBI (n = 100) or orthopedic injury ([OI]; n = 34). MAIN MEASURES: The Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) and its associations with the Rivermead Post Concussion Questionnaire (RPQ), Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II), PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and Pain Visual Analog Scale (PVAS). Information on injury-related characteristics, compensation seeking and litigation, and return-to-work status was also collected. RESULTS: Median IEQ total score was 3 (range, 0-23) in the mTBI group and 2.5 (range, 0-25) in the OI group. In the mTBI group, IEQ was significantly correlated with RPQ (rs = 0.638, P < .01), BDI-II (rs = 0.612, P < .01), PCL-C (rs = 0.679, P < .01), and PVAS (rs = 0.232, P < .05). The association between IEQ and PCL-C (rs =0.797, P < .01) and BDI-II (rs = 0.395, P < .05) was also found in the OI group. In both groups, patients who were still on sick leave at 3 months after injury tended to report higher perceived injustice (IEQ total score) than patients who had returned to work or studies. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived injustice is associated with self-reported symptoms in patients with mTBI. Our results suggest that perceived injustice could be a relevant construct to consider in clinical management of patients with mTBI. Also, perceived injustice could be a potential target for psychological interventions promoting recovery after mTBI. Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000698 PMCID: PMC9345515