The Relationship between Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Hip Biomechanics: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 9. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Feb 15;23(1):150. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05099-x. Talonavicular joint mobilization and foot core strengthening in patellofemoral pain syndrome: a single-blind, three-armed randomized controlled trial. Kim HJ(1), Cho J(2), Lee S(3). Author information: (1)Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School of Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. (2)Department of Rehabilitation Center, Wellcity Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. (3)Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, 01795, Seoul, Republic of Korea. swlee@syu.ac.kr. BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is defined as pain around the patella while performing activities such as squats, running, and climbing steps. One of the inherent risk factors for PFPS is an excessively pronated foot posture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foot intervention, talonavicular joint mobilization (TJM) and foot core strengthening (FCS), on PFPS. METHODS: Forty-eight patients with PFPS (mean age, 21.96 ± 2.34 years; BMI, 22.77 ± 2.95 kg/m2) were enrolled in the study. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to three groups, and received 12 sessions of TJM, FCS, and blended intervention at university laboratory for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes were pain while the secondary outcomes were lower extremity function, valgus knee, foot posture, and muscle activity ratio measured at baseline, after 12 sessions, and at the 4-week follow-up. RESULTS: The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant interactions in all groups (p