The incidence of fractures in children under two years of age: a systematic review.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests. 2. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2021 Jun;47(3):811-816. doi: 10.1007/s00068-019-01266-3. Epub 2019 Nov 16. Treatment of typical trampoline fracture of the proximal tibia in children: results of minimum 1 year follow-up. Yoo MJ(1), Yoo JI(2), Lee JY(1), Park YJ(3), Kang-Heo(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. (2)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 90 Chilamdong, Jinju, Gyeongnamdo, 660-702, Republic of Korea. furim@daum.net. (3)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 90 Chilamdong, Jinju, Gyeongnamdo, 660-702, Republic of Korea. PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of trampoline fracture of the proximal tibia treated with either external fixator or conservative management at a minimum 1-year follow-up. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 22 children who between January 2005 and November 2013 presented with proximal metaphyseal fracture due to trampoline injury. Proximal metaphyseal fractures in 22 pediatric patients were clinically and radiologically evaluated. Of 22 subjects, 9 were male, 13 were female, and mean age was 4.2 years (range 2-7). RESULTS: In terms of comorbid injury, 1 proximal humerus fracture, two distal humerus fractures were present. Injury mechanism-wise, jumping with companions who had a weight difference accounted for 16, similar age, but jumping with multiple companions were three, direct crush were three. There were no differences in the valgus angle or length of the legs during the 2 year follow-up period. However, epiphyseal tibia shaft angle significantly decreased and proximal epiphysis was found to be flat compared to the contralateral side. CONCLUSION: Jumping with companion with a large difference in body weight, the first experience of jumping on trampoline and state of extension of knee at the time of injury was revealed to be risk factors for trampoline fractures. During a follow-up period of 1 year or longer, it was concluded that valgus deformity of lower extremity or leg length discrepancy were not noticeable. DOI: 10.1007/s00068-019-01266-3