Tibial Anterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fractures in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Literature Review.

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 6. Children (Basel). 2024 Mar 14;11(3):345. doi: 10.3390/children11030345. Tibial Spine Avulsion Fractures in Paediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Surgical Management. Chandanani M(1), Jaibaji R(2), Jaibaji M(3), Volpin A(4). Author information: (1)School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK. (2)University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. (3)Health Education North East, Newcastle upon Tyne NE15 8NY, UK. (4)NHS Grampian, Aberdeen AB15 6RE, UK. BACKGROUND: Tibial spine avulsion fractures (TSAFs) account for approximately 14% of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. This study aims to systematically review the current evidence for the operative management of paediatric TSAFs. METHODS: A search was carried out across four databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies discussing the outcomes of the surgical management of paediatric TSAFs since 2000 were included. RESULTS: Of 38 studies included for review, 13 studies reported outcomes of TSAF patients undergoing screw fixation only, and 12 studies used suture fixation only. In total, 976 patients underwent arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation (ARIF), and 203 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The risk of arthrofibrosis with the use of ARIF (p = 0.45) and screws (p = 0.74) for TSAF repair was not significant. There was a significantly increased risk of knee instability (p < 0.0001), reoperation (p = 0.01), and post-operative pain (p = 0.007) with screw fixation compared to sutures. CONCLUSIONS: While the overall benefits of sutures over screws and ARIF over ORIF are unclear, there is clear preference for ARIF and suture fixation for TSAF repair in practice. We recommend large-scale comparative studies to delineate long-term outcomes for various TSAF fixation techniques. DOI: 10.3390/children11030345 PMCID: PMC10969433