The mechanics of the gibbon foot and its potential for elastic energy storage during bipedalism.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 18. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Medial Longitudinal Arch of the Foot. Babu D(1), Bordoni B(2). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. 2024 Sep 10. Author information: (1)Virginia Commonwealth University (2)Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi IRCCS The medial longitudinal arch, the lateral longitudinal arch, and the anterior transverse arch are the three arches of the human foot (see Image. The Arches of the Foot). These arches are shaped by the metatarsal and tarsal bones and braced by tendons and ligaments of the foot. Of the two longitudinal arches, the medial arch is the highest. The bones, ligamentous structures, and plantar fascia of the arch create an elastic and adaptive base that can support the entire body. The medial longitudinal arch of the foot allows for the proper function of the lower extremity during the gait cycle. This arch heavily relies on its muscle, innervation, and blood supply to carry out its function. Congenital anomalies or acquired trauma to any element of the medial longitudinal arch can result in mild to severe clinical consequences. Copyright © 2026, StatPearls Publishing LLC.