Classfication of Hip Fractures: Neck of Femur, Intertrochanteric, and Subtrochanteric Fractures

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Abstract

Fractures around the hip are common injuries seen in orthopedic practice, particularly in the elderly population. These fractures include femoral neck, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric fractures. These fractures are often associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden due to prolonged immobilization and loss of independence in physiologically and biologically compromised elderly. Timely surgical management is key to restore mobility, reduce complications, and improve functional outcomes. However, surgical management of these fracture is often challenging and require proper understanding of fracture morphology and characteristics. Classifying these fractures not only helps in better understanding of fracture characteristics but also beneficial in record keeping, communication, and understanding prognosis and patient counselling. This article discusses several classification systems available for neck of femur, intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. In addition, comparative overview of various classification systems is also presented.