Treatment options for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears: a review of arthroscopic surgical options.

Journal and index pages often block iframe embedding. This reader keeps the evidence details in Orthonotes and leaves the source page one click away.

Abstract

8. Orthop Clin North Am. 2006 Jul;37(3):299-319, vi. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2006.04.002. Magnetic resonance arthrography. Osinski T(1), Malfair D, Steinbach L. Author information: (1)Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus, Suite M392, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA. For decades, fluoroscopic arthrography was the only method available to image a joint with contrast enhancement. Advances in CT led to the natural development of CT arthrography. Development of MRI and its capability for multiplanar imaging led to direct magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA). This technique has been performed since 1987 and has surpassed CT arthrography in popularity in the United States. Indirect MRA developed subsequently to offer a less invasive alternative. This article presents an overview of direct MRA and addresses joint-specific issues regarding direct MRA. An overview of indirect MRA also is provided. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2006.04.002