Update on the role of bone turnover markers in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis: a consensus paper from The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO), International

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Conflict of interest: H.P.B.: No conflict of interest; S.V.: No conflict of interest; I.T.: No conflict of interest; G.K.: No conflict of interest; G.L.: Received speaker fee from SNIBE; N.R.J.: Received bone turnover marker assays free of charge for research from ROCHE, IDS and DiaSorin for research purposes; R.P.: No conflict of interest; M.M.: No conflict of interest; R.C.: Holds patents of 2 biomarkers of musculoskeletal diseases; M.Hiligsmann: Received research grants (paid to institution) from RADIUS HEALTH, and ANGELINI PHARMA, lecture fees from IBSA (paid to institution) and MYLAN PHARMACEUTICALS, and was grant advisor for PFIZER (paid to institution); M.Haarhaus: No conflict of interest; P.E.: Received research grants (paid to institution) from VIFOR CSL; H.S.J.: Received travel support from ABIOGEN PHARMA; M.Hermann: No conflict of interest; J-M.K.: No conflict of interest; P.C.: No conflict of interest; S.T.: No conflict of interest; N.A-D.: No conflict of interest; S.S.: No conflict of interest; M.S.A.: No conflict of interest; S.O.: No conflict of interest; M.C.P.Y.: No conflict of interest; R.M.: No conflict of interest; A.L.: No conflict of interest; M.M.C.d.S.R: No conflict of interest; L.Z.: No conflict of interest; N.B: No conflict of interest; E.M.: No conflict of interest; N.C.H: Received consultancy, lecture fees, honoraria, grant funding from ALLIANCE FOR BETTER BONE HEALTH, AMGEN, MSD, ELI LILLY, RADIUS HEALTH, SERVIER, SHIRE, UCB, CONSILIENT HEALTHCARE, KYOWA KIRIN, THERAMEX and INTERNIS PHARMA; R.P.R: No conflict of interest; M.F.: Received consultancy fees from ABIOGEN, AMGEN, VIFOR, OMEGA PHARMA; C.T.: No conflict of interest, the views expressed in this article are the personal views of the author and may not be understood or quoted as being made on behalf of or reflecting the position of the regulatory agencies by which the author is employed or affiliated; J.A.K.: No conflict of interest; R.R.: No conflict of interest; JY.R.: Stakeholder of SarQoL® whereas he never received any financial or non-financial compensation for this activity, received consultancy fees from IBSA, PROMEDIUS, VIATRIS, REJUVENATE BIOMED, CELLTRION, AGNOVOS, THERAMEX and VERSANIS BIO, CHUGAI, member of the Speakers Bureau for IBSA, RADIUS HEALTH, VIATRIS, AGNOVOS and TRB CHEMEDICA, received research grants (through Institutions) from IBSA, RADIUS HEALTH, ECHOLIGHT, VIATRIS, THERAMEX and TRB CHEMEDICA; K.M.: Received free of charge reagents from ROCHE, SNIBE and IDS for research purposes; E.C.: Consultant for IDS, DIASORIN, FUJIREBIO, NITTOBO and MENARINI. 4. Hand (N Y). 2019 Mar;14(2):249-252. doi: 10.1177/1558944717744334. Epub 2017 Nov 29. Irreducible Galeazzi Fracture-Dislocations. Yohe NJ(1), De Tolla J(1), Kaye MB(1), Edelstein DM(1), Choueka J(1). Author information: (1)1 Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA. BACKGROUND: Fractures of the radial shaft with disruption of the distal radial ulnar joint (DRUJ) or Galeazzi fractures are treated with reduction of the radius followed by stability assessment of the DRUJ. In rare instances, the reduction of the DRUJ is blocked by interposed structures requiring open reduction of this joint. The purpose of this study is to review all cases of irreducible Galeazzi fracture-dislocations reported in the literature to offer guidelines in the diagnosis and management of this rare injury. METHODS: A search of the MEDLINE database, OVID database, and PubMed database was employed using the terms "Galeazzi" and "fracture." Of the 124 articles the search produced, a total of 12 articles and 17 cases of irreducible Galeazzi fracture-dislocations were found. RESULTS: The age range was 16 to 64 years (mean = 25 years). A high-energy mechanism of injury was the root cause in all cases. More than half of the irreducible DRUJ dislocations were not identified intraoperatively. In a dorsally dislocated DRUJ, a block to reduction in most cases (92.3%) was secondary to entrapment of one or more extensor tendons including the extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor digitorum communis, with the remaining cases blocked by fracture fragments. Irreducible volar dislocations due to entrapment of the ulnar head occurred in 17.6% of cases with no tendon entrapment noted. CONCLUSIONS: In the presence of a Galeazzi fracture, a reduced/stable DRUJ needs to be critically assessed as more than half of irreducible DRUJs in a Galeazzi fracture-dislocation were missed either pre- or intraoperatively. DOI: 10.1177/1558944717744334 PMCID: PMC6436135