Chronic inflammation is a feature of Achilles tendinopathy and rupture.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: None declared. 19. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2016 Jan;33(1):125-37. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Aug 30. Combined Tendon and Bone Allograft Transplantation for Chronic Achilles Tendon Ruptures. Catanzariti AR(1), Hentges M(2). Author information: (1)Residency Training Program, Foot & Ankle Surgery, West Penn Hospital, 4800 Friendship Avenue, N1, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA. Electronic address: acatanzariti@faiwp.com. (2)Foot & Ankle Surgery, West Penn Hospital, 4800 Friendship Avenue, N1, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA. Combined flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer and bone-tendon allograft transplantation is a reasonable option for advanced distal-segment Achilles tendinopathy. This procedure provides anatomic restoration and improved function of the posterior muscle group without sacrificing the regional anatomy. Allograft transplantation is safe and does not require immunosuppressive therapy. The soft tissue envelope should be healthy because wound complications can be an issue. This procedure is especially helpful in patients with significant disability. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2015.07.003