Stance and Gait Analysis of Apollo Astronauts on the Moon.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 18. Comput Biol Med. 2022 Feb;141:105023. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105023. Epub 2021 Nov 6. Multiscale finite element musculoskeletal model for intact knee dynamics. Shu L(1), Yamamoto K(2), Yoshizaki R(3), Yao J(4), Sato T(5), Sugita N(6). Author information: (1)Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: l.shu@mfg.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp. (2)Department of Mechano-Informatics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. (3)Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. (4)Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp., Johnston, RI, USA. (5)Niigata Medical Center, Niigata, Japan. (6)Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The dynamic characteristics of the intact knee joint are valuable for treating knee osteoarthritis and designing knee prostheses. However, it remains a challenge to elucidate the detailed dynamics of the knee due to its complexity of anatomical structure and complex interaction with body dynamics. METHODS: In this study, a unique subject-specific musculoskeletal model with a concurrent high-accuracy intact finite element knee model was created and used to simultaneously evaluate the kinematics and mechanics of an intact knee joint during the gait cycle. RESULTS: A medial pivot motion with external rotation, and a large parallel anterior translation were observed in the stance and swing phases, respectively, which is consistent with the in vivo fluoroscopy measurements. The maximum axial contact force on the knee joint, observed at 45% of the gait cycle, is approximately 2.89 times the body weight. The medial cartilage bears 65.7% of the total axial contact force. The results demonstrate that the cartilage-cartilage contact bears most of the joint load (62.5%) compared to the cartilage-meniscus-cartilage contact (37.5%). Regarding contact mechanics, the maximum contact pressure on both sides of the tibial cartilage (8.2 MPa) is almost similar to the first axial loading peak (14%) of the gait cycle. Additionally, the maximum contact pressure (6.01 MPa) was observed during the stance phase of the gait cycle on the patellofemoral joint. CONCLUSIONS: The predicted results on the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of knee joint diseases and knee prosthesis design. Moreover, this approach presents a comprehensive tool to evaluate the mechanics at both the body and tissue levels. Therefore, it has a high potential for application in human biomechanics. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105023