Cystic fibrosis bone disease treatment: Current knowledge and future directions.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 20. J Clin Densitom. 2013 Oct-Dec;16(4):439-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.012. Epub 2013 Oct 3. Celiac disease and metabolic bone disease. Xing Y(1), Morgan SL. Author information: (1)Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. Celiac disease is a common autoimmune gastrointestinal disorder affecting multiple organs, precipitated in genetically vulnerable persons by the ingestion of gluten. Gluten is poorly digested and is presented to the intestinal mucosa as a large polypeptide. Binding to human leukocyte antigen-DQ2 and human leukocyte antigen-DQ8 molecules on antigen-presenting cells stimulates cellular and humeral immune reactions. Although common serological tests are available to diagnose celiac disease, the diagnosis of celiac disease is often delayed or missed because of lack of recognition as the disease presentation in adults is highly variable and may be asymptomatic. Celiac disease is a common secondary cause of metabolic bone disease and delayed treatment with gluten-free diet affects bone mineral density and fracture risk, so it is crucial to diagnose and treat celiac disease promptly. In this article, we will review recent studies of celiac disease in adults and provide practical, easily accessible information for busy clinicians. Copyright © 2013 The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.012